Orf virus is the etiological agent of contagious ecthyma, a severe exanthematic disease that affects small ruminants. Orf virus is zoonosis that is associated with occupational contact with infected animals in human disease. Clinically, contagious ecthyma is characterized by the appearance of vesicles, pustules, ulcers, and papillomatous proliferative lesions on the skin of the lips and nostrils. Here we describe a case of lethal cutaneous multifocal Orf virus infection in goats in the Amazon region of Brazil. Exanthematic lesions were collected and epidemiological and clinical data were obtained. Orf virus was detected using PCR amplification of the whole B2L, VIR, and VEGF open reading frame. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus clustered together with the Orf virus samples isolated during classical contagious ecthyma. The present work is the first to report a severe proliferative Orf virus case in South America.

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a transmissible and incurable disease caused by a lentivirus, the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). There are no reports in the literature of this infection in Equidae on Marajo Island. The objective of this study was to diagnose the disease in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra, Santa Cruz do Arari and Soure, on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil. For serological survey samples were collected from 294 horses, over 5-month-old, males and females of puruca and marajoara breeds and from some half-breeds, which were tested by immunodiffusion in Agar gel (AGID). A prevalence of 46.26% (136/294) positive cases was found. EIA is considered endemic in the municipalities studied, due to the ecology of the region with a high numbered population of bloodsucking insect vectors and the absence of official measures for the control of the disease.

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Technification of pig farming in recent decades has led to a significant reduction in the occurrence of helminth parasitism. However, the production of pigs in free-range systems is still a common reality in rural areas of Brazil, such as Marajó Island, in the State of Pará, a Brazilian Amazonian biome. Therefore, the present work describes the main parasitological and anatomopathological findings of six pigs in a sample of 23, of different age groups, raised under free-range conditions on native pastures on Marajó Island. During slaughter, the presence of Stephanurus dentatus in the ureters and renal pelvis, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus in the small intestine and Trichuris suis in the cecum and colon was detected in these six pigs. The histopathology results showed different types of lesions, including mild granulomatous infiltrates in the lymph nodes, granulomatous inflammation and brown pigment in the tonsils, hyperkeratosis in the esophagus and nonglandular stomach, lung with dark pigment in the bronchioles and intra-alveolar macrophages, as well as squamous metaplasia of the peribronchial glands, hemosiderosis in the spleen, liver with marked extramedullary hematopoiesis, mild hepatitis and abscess caused by parasitic migration with eosinophils, intestinal edema and neuronal lipofuscinosis in the spinal cord. From these findings, it can be inferred that free-range pigs on Marajó Island are susceptible to helminths, reflecting the high degree of environmental contamination in which these animals are reared, and that such ecosystems can function as reservoirs of these agents. Helminth infections lead to losses in pig farming in the Amazon biome, showing the importance of the strategic control of these parasites.