Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river

Freitas, Nayra F. Q. R.; Oliveira, Carlos Magno Chaves; Leite, Rômulo Cerqueira; Reis, Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos; Oliveira, Fernanda Gonçalves de; Bomjardim, Henrique dos Anjos; Salvarani, Felipe Masiero

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2015001200002

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This has led to an increase in the number of EIA cases diagnosed. Prevalence of EIA infection in Brazil varies depending on the region, and several studies have indicated these differences (REBELATTO et al, 1992;SANTOS et al, 2001;ALMEIDA et al, 2006;COSTA et al, 2013;FREITAS et al, 2015). Usually, the northern states and the Pantanal region have higher prevalence compared to the other Brazilian regions, which is a consequence of several factors, including previous prevalence, animal movement, rigid control measures, presence of vectors, and official programs for control (ALMEIDA et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Official diagnosis is made using agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID or Coggins test) in laboratories certified by MAPA (BRASIL, 2004). The EIAV infection is present in various regions of Brazil, and the prevalence is variable (REBELATTO et al, 1992;SANTOS et al, 2001;ALMEIDA et al, 2006;FREITAS et al, 2015). In 2013, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) had roughly 500,000 equines, distributed on more than 103,000 properties, and the animals were used mainly for sports, work, and reproduction (COSTA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to characterize the outbreaks of equine infectious anemia (EIA) identified, between the years 2009 and 2015, in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We identified 26 positive horses on 24 properties. Each positive property was considered an outbreak of the disease. The diagnoses were made using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test as a part of the sanitary checks conducted during animal transportation or certification of the horse´s sanitary status. The positive properties included farms or horse barns, and the infected animals were used for ranch work, sports, or reproduction. One outbreak was identified in animals that were being illegally transported from Argentina to Brazil. Fifteen outbreaks occurred on properties that were not registered with the Official Veterinary Service (OVS). Eleven outbreaks were identified in urban areas and 13 in rural areas. Twelve of the 24 outbreaks were diagnosed in 2015 alone, nine of which occurred in São Borja county. On two properties, a diagnosis could not be confirmed with a retest; therefore, these outbreaks were discharged. During sanitation checks on three properties, 12 additional positive animals were identified among a population of 1,108 susceptible animals. Based on these findings, we concluded that a subclinical form of the infection is present in that area, which is linked to properties that are not registered with the OVS, and that animals which are transported illegally across international borders represent a potential risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…Matching the present data with those obtained by Borges et al (2013) in Northern Pantanal, from samples collected at approximately the same time, in the North, 65% and 31.5% prevalence rates were observed for properties and animals correlated to 80% and 39.4% (true animal prevalences) in the South. On the other hand, Braga (2000) stated it was seen, through a serological survey in the State of Roraima, that about 40% to 60% of those equines were EIA seropositive, and Freitas et al (2015) reported a prevalence of 46.26% EIA positive cases in puruca and marajoara horses on the Marajo Island. Borges et al (2013) stated, about Northern Pantanal, that farms and equids in flooded areas had a greater chance of being EIA seropositive, but this association between presence of lowlands and positivity was not found in the Southern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agreement with this point of view is the conclusion obtained by Borges et al (2013) that, even in wetlands, a negative spatial correlation was found between farms in regard to EIA prevalence, which would suggest that other factors, such as management practices, probably play a significant role in the transmission of EIAV. Almeida et al (2006) and Freitas et al (2015) also emphasized the importance of poor management practices in the maintenance of high prevalence rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine infectious anaemia in equids of Southern Pantanal, Brazil: seroprevalence and evaluation of the adoption of a control programme

et al. 2017

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The working equid population in Corumbá, Southern Pantanal, is very large and has a crucial role in the main economic activity of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the beef cattle industry. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in working equids of ranches in the municipality of Corumbá, by the official agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and evaluate the adoption of the Programme for the Prevention and Control of Equine Infectious Anaemia proposed by Embrapa Pantanal and official entities in the 1990s. From September to November 2009, forty ranches distributed through the area of the municipality were visited, and serum samples were obtained from 721 equines and 232 mules. According to previous publications and the present data, it was concluded that the prevalence of EIA in this population has increased from 18.17% to 38.60%, which represents at this time approximately 13,000 infected animals. There was no significant difference between the apparent prevalence of equines and mules. It was also verified that the control programme was not known by the greater part of the interviewed ranch owners, managers and foremen and, in their perception, EIA is not a primary threat to address. Among the studied variables, the serologic testing practice significantly reduced the risk for the presence of EIA seropositivity, as well as the separation of riding equipment and segregation of seropositives.

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“…The prevalence of EIA does not only vary depending on the region or state but also varies according to the animal's main activity and the occurrence of illegal transport (ALMEIDA et al, 2017;MORAESs et al, 2017;BARZONI et al, 2018). Due to this fact, there Cruz et al is a wide variation in the prevalence of EIA in Brazil according to the populations studied, with variations ranging from 0.43% to 46.26% (FREITAS et al, 2015;BAPTISTA et al, 2016).…”

Section: Some Regions Have Low Levels Of Infection Such Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence for equine infectious anaemia in Equidae seized in the municipality of Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015/2018

et al. 2020

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Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is a globally distributed disease caused by a lentivirus. EIA is a notifiable disease that should be reported to the Official Veterinary Service (SVO). Outbreaks are controlled by sacrificing the EIA-positive animals. The study analysed the prevalence of EIA in 165 Equidae seized on public roads in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2015 to 2018. After the seizure and identification of the Equidae, blood was collected to diagnose EIA. A prevalence of 11.8% was observed among the Equidae seized, and the main risk factor was the region of seizure. A kernel-smoothed map showed areas with the highest density of EIA-positive Equidae in the centre and to the east of the study area. In this region, the chance of seizing an equine positive for EIA was greater (OR=3.6) relative to the remaining region. The implementation and maintenance of Equidae seizures and subsequent diagnostic testing for EIA in the municipality of Petrópolis were shown to have great importance for the control and prevention of the disease. Indicating the place of seizure on the identification cards of the animals enabled delineation of the locations in the municipality of Petrópolis, that had a higher risk of EIA-positive animals.

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Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Equine infectious anaemia in equids of Southern Pantanal, Brazil: seroprevalence and evaluation of the adoption of a control programme

Seroprevalence for equine infectious anaemia in Equidae seized in the municipality of Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015/2018

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