Equine infectious anaemia in equids of Southern Pantanal, Brazil: seroprevalence and evaluation of the adoption of a control programme

Abstract

The working equid population in Corumbá, Southern Pantanal, is very large and has a crucial role in the main economic activity of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the beef cattle industry. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in working equids of ranches in the municipality of Corumbá, by the official agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and evaluate the adoption of the Programme for the Prevention and Control of Equine Infectious Anaemia proposed by Embrapa Pantanal and official entities in the 1990s. From September to November 2009, forty ranches distributed through the area of the municipality were visited, and serum samples were obtained from 721 equines and 232 mules. According to previous publications and the present data, it was concluded that the prevalence of EIA in this population has increased from 18.17% to 38.60%, which represents at this time approximately 13,000 infected animals. There was no significant difference between the apparent prevalence of equines and mules. It was also verified that the control programme was not known by the greater part of the interviewed ranch owners, managers and foremen and, in their perception, EIA is not a primary threat to address. Among the studied variables, the serologic testing practice significantly reduced the risk for the presence of EIA seropositivity, as well as the separation of riding equipment and segregation of seropositives.

Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal

“…This was performed by jugular venipuncture into tubes with and without EDTA for PBMC fractionation and serum, respectively. Of the 23 samples, 17 were collected in July 2008 and five in April 2015 from horses at two farms in Nabileque and Nhecolândia, respectively, two sub-regions of the Pantanal, both belonging to Corumbá municipality of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Midwestern region of Brazil (Figure 1). One sample (POCONE-BR-01) was collected in 2015 from a horse with clinical signals of EIA at a farm within the limits of the Poconé and Nossa Senhora do Livramento counties of Mato Grosso, Brazil.…”

“…However, in ranches within the Brazilian Pantanal positive animals can be maintained for use in livestock management on the farm, however their transit is not allowed. Concomitantly, the diagnosis and adoption of prophylactic measures and control of EIA on ranches is being promoted, through an official state program entitled "Programa de Controle e Prevenção da Anemia Infecciosa Equina no Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense (CAIEPAN)" [17,18].…”

Phylogeography of equine infectious anemia virus

“…Phylogenetic relationships of EIAV have been previously assessed by the analysis of outbreak cases reported worldwide (Nagarajan and Simard, 2007; Cappelli et al, 2011; Capomaccio et al, 2012), mainly focused in the areas with high horse-related industry, such as Brazil (Bicout et al, 2006; Nogueira et al, 2017; Barzoni et al, 2018; Cursino et al, 2018). However, the evolutionary and spread history of EIAV is still unknown (Dorey-Robinson et al, 2019).…”

Doenças De Notificação Obrigatória De Relevância Em Equídeos No Brasil

“…A principal forma de transmissão ocorre a partir da picada de insetos hematófagos (forma mecânica) como as moscas do gênero Tabanus spp. (mosca do cavalo) e Stomoxys calcitrans (mosca dos estábulos), responsáveis por transmitirem sangue infectado com o vírus de animais doentes para animais saudáveis (NOGUEIRA et al, 2017).…”