Rorschach data for 272 Black children are presented in age groups from 3 to 12. The Rorschach characteristics presented are F+%, A%, Fabulized Combinations, Perseverations, Color Naming, Rejections, Wholes, Details, Small Details (Dd), R, M, and P. Comparisons with Ames and Exner reveal a lower form accuracy level, and a lower percentage of Wholes, with a higher D level. Response rate, rate of development of the M response, rate of development of the P response, and of the Animal response are very similar to the other normative samples.
An elegant retrospective description of an epidemic of chronic renal failure occurring in patients with histories of untreated childhood lead poisoning in Queensland, Australia established beyond reasonable doubt the existence of lead nephropathy. However, a retrospective uncontrolled report from Boston in 1963 refuted the claim that there are serious renal consequences of untreated childhood lead poisoning. We conducted a controlled prospective, longitudinal study to examine the effects of childhood lead poisoning on renal function 17 to 23 years after chelation therapy. The present study reports the results of renal functional tests in a unique cohort of study subjects (N = 62) with significant lead poisoning (initial PbB > 100 micrograms/dl) diagnosed and treated between 1966 and 1972 and their age-matched control siblings (N = 19; initial PbB < 40 micrograms/dl). During the past nine years serial determinations of renal function on all study subjects and control siblings were obtained. Mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum creatinine, serum beta 2-microglobulin, fractional excretion beta 2-microglobulin, urinary protein:creatinine ratio, serum phosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate, serum uric acid, and urinary specific gravity were similar in study subjects compared with sibling controls. The frequency of abnormal values for these tests was similar in the two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses failed to demonstrate a significant influence of the presence of plumbism or initial PbB on serum creatinine or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. A modest increase in serum creatinine values was observed over a nine year period in four of 62 study subjects (1.4, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 mg/dl).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Serial radiographs of lead-poisoned children showed separation of lead lines from the zone of provisional calcification within four weeks at sites of rapid growth. Lead lines do not appear until blood lead attains a concentration of 70 to 80 micrograms/dl. They are not affected by treatment, but disappear spontaneously within four years. While they remain in the diaphysis, they provide a marker for the time of onset of lead toxicity and the subsequent rate of bone growth.
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