ABSTRAK Cara membatik di Indonesia mulai banyak beralih dari pemakaian bahan alami menjadi bahan cat sintesis. Cat sintetis yang digunakan sering kali mengandung logam berat di antaranya timbal (Pb) dan kromium (Cr). Pemakaian logam berat dalam waktu lama akan mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan kadar logam Pb dan Cr dalam darah dan limbah dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dan Packed Cell Volume (PCV) serta mengetahui prevalensi gejala toksisitas yang dirasakan pada pekerja di tiga sentra batik di Desa Lendah Kulon Progo. Sebanyak 76 pegawai di sentra batik: 37 orang di sentra SB, 20 orang di FA dan 19 orang di SA ditentukan kadar Hb, PCV, kadar Pb dan Cr dengan metode Inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Air limbah lingkungan dari ketiga lokasi sentra batik diambil dan diperiksa kadar Pb dan Cr-nya. Hasil antara ketiga lokasi diuji normalitasnya dan dianalisis dengan analisis varian atau Kruskal-Wallis. Hubungan antara kadar Pb dan Cr baik darah maupun limbah dengan kadar logam berat dalam darah dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p<0,05. Gejala penyakit yang dialami pekerja yang diperkirakan berhubungan dengan toksisitas logam berat dihitung frekuensinya. Antropometik, tekanan darah, kadar Hb, PCV dan logam berat dari ketiga lokasi yang diperiksa tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Kadar Pb darah dan krom di sentra SB dan FA berbeda signifikan dengan di sentra SA (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistik antara kadar Pb darah, Cr darah, dan Pb limbah dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala iritasi kulit, pusing, dan nyeri sendi dirasakan 37-49% repsonden. Kadar timbal dan krom darah pembatik di sentra SB dan FA lebih tinggi dari sentra SA. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara toksisitas Pb dan Cr dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala toksisitas di antara pekerja batik diperkirakan dapat terjadi karena toksisitas logam berat kronis akibat pemakaian cat batik.KATA KUNCI batik; hemoglobin; chromium; sel darah; timbal ABSTRACT The dye used to color batik has changed from natural to synthetic materials in several places in Indonesia. Synthetic paints often contain heavy metals including lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). Chronic use of heavy metals can affect health. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between blood and waste water levels of Pb and Cr with hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and to determine how many workers felt the toxicity symptoms in three batik centers in Lendah Kulon Progo. A total of 76 batik center employees: 37, 20, and 19 people from the SB, FA, and SA centers were recruited. Determination of Hb, PCV, Pb and Cr levels were conducted with the Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method. Wastewater from the three batik centers is taken and examined. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Correlation anayses were performed with Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Results were considered significant if p<0.05. Disease symptoms experienced by workers that are estimated to be associated with heavy metal toxicity are calculated in frequency. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, Hb levels, PCV and heavy metals were not significantly different between centers (p>0.05). Blood Pb and Cr from the SB and FA were significantly different from those at the SA center (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between blood Pb levels, blood Cr, and Pb waste with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of skin irritation, dizziness, and joint pain were felt by 37-49% of respondents. Blood levels of lead and chrome in the SB and FA centers are higher than the SA centers. There was no significant correlation between Pb and Cr toxicity with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of toxicity among batik workers are thought to occur due to chronic heavy metal toxicity due to the use of synthetic paint.KEYWORDS batik; haemoglobin; chromium; blood cell; plumbum

Alcohol tends to disrupt the organs function of human body, even can cause serious and chronic damage. In Indonesia, the data on cell damage taken from organs including the livers and kidneys among alcoholics are still practically unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the differences of organs' cell disturbance between alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A crosssectional study was conducted among 197 people in Yogyakarta, including 96 alcoholics and 101 non-alcoholics. The material of the study was taken from venous blood samples. A kinetic photometric test was conducted to obtain data on blood-chemical markers' value of livers (SGOT, SGPT, and GGT), and kidneys (BUN and serum creatinine). The data werethen analyzed by Chi square test.From a total of 96 alcoholics, 83.6% are males and 16.4% are females who consumed alcohol for an average of 16 years, with 51.6% routinely consuming it daily. The kind of alcohol they consumed was singlebrand (59.8%). Based on 25 th percentile (GGT), on 50 th percentile (SGOT, GGT), and on 75 th percentile (SGPT, GGT), the alcoholics had higher proportion value of liver marker disturbance than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Based on the 50 th and 75 th percentiles, the alcoholics also had higher proportion value on kidney marker (BUN) damage than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p<0.05). There were significant differences in GFR values between males and females (p<0.05), males had kidney cell damage 7.9 times more than females. There was no significant difference in the value of GFR between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. In conclusion, the alcoholics hassignificantly higher proportion value of blood-chemical markers than that non-alcoholics. The GFR values between males and females are also significantly different, and males had kidney cell damage 7.9 times more than that of females. ABSTRAK Alkohol dapat merusak fungsi organ tubuh manusia, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan serius dan kronik. Di Indonesia, data kerusakan sel yang diambil dari organ hati dan ginjal pada alkoholik tidak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan perbedaan gangguan sel pada organ antara alkoholik dan nonalkoholik di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 197 orang di Yogyakarta, terdiri dari 96 alkoholik dan 101 non-alkoholik. Material diambil dari sampel darah vena. Tes fotometrik kinetik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data nilai penanda kimia darah pada hati (SGOT, SGPT, dan GGT), dan ginjal (BUN dan kreatinin serum). Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square.Dari total 96 alkoholik, 83,6% adalah laki-laki dan 16,4% adalah perempuan, yang rata-rata mengkonsumsi alkohol selama 16 tahun, dan 51,6% rutin mengkonsumsi tiap hari. Macam alkohol yang dikonsumsi adalah satu merk (59,8%). Berdasar 25 persentil (GGT), 50persentil (SGOT, GGT), dan 75 persentil (SGPT, GGT), alkoholik mempunyai proporsi yang lebih tinggi dan bermakna secara statistik terhadap gangguan nilai penanda hepar dibandingkan...

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<p><strong>Latar Belakang</strong>: Kurangnya olahraga dan banyaknya asupan makanan berlemak dapat menyebabkan obesitas dimana memberikan kontribusi pada penyebab kematian mendadak yang tak terduga dan berhubungan dengan indeks massa tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kasus kematian mendadak yang ditangani di RSUP Dr. Sardjito tahun 2011 – 2015 dengan cara menghitung seluruh data panjang badan dan berat badan pada kasus kematian mendadak yang ditangani di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta tahun 2011 – 2015.</p><p><strong>Metode</strong>: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi analitik dengan pengambilan data secara <em>cross sectional</em> karena sampel dan semua variabel diambil dalam satu periode waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, khususnya dari visum et. Repertum Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong>: Penelitian ini menunjukkan indeks massa tubuh dengan berat badan lebih sangat mendominasi jumlah kasus kematian mendadak sebanyak 82.25% dibandingkan berat badan normal ataupun berat badan kurang. Orang dengan berat badan lebih memiliki risiko 13.05 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami serangan penyakit kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian mendadak.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh korban dengan kasus kematian mendadak yang diperiksa di Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Tahun 2011 – 2015.</p>