Soil is paramount to sustaining living in biomass production, water quality control, climatic mitigation, and biodiversity endurance. Closely associated with sustainable agriculture, it degrades soil in the long run, robbing the soil of its production capacity and food-generating ability. In Probolinggo, a regency in Indonesia, intensifying the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides yet a declining trend in yield production was discovered. This research analyzed the acid, nitrogen, organic carbon, and nutrients focusing on phosphor, potassium, iron, and manganese contents. Organic carbon/nitrogen ratio, soil organic compound rate, and cation exchange capacity were also discussed in order to illustrate the correlations among chemical substances and their roles in soil and plant maintenance. While such a study has yet to be performed in Probolinggo, the results should show the degree of land deterioration and future attempts at damage control and correction open to facilitate. Employing a simple random method, soil and plant samples were collected from 18 villages in six districts and their chemical contents were compared to the standard set in Government Regulations No 150/2000. The results showed low N-total, P-Bray, P-Olsen, K, C-Organic, and C/N ratio availabilities at 0.18, 13.88, 14.41, 0.37, 1.36, and 7.38 respectively, contrasted to high rates on pH (5.94), Fe (153.46 mg kg–1) and Mn (37.96 mg kg–1). Biomass production is conclusively imperative to fix the land composition and meet the plant nutrient requirements through an organic approach; fertilizers from digester biogas are therefore recommended. This action requires field agricultural advisors to raise awareness of sustainable agriculture.
The area of Batu City generally performs high agricultural productivity. Batu is known as a producer of food and horticultural commodities that meet the needs of other regions. However, an excessive use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural land has resulted in reducing land quality and productivity. Regarding such issues, the municipal government of Batu city encourages the implementation of organic farming. The role of extension workers is expected to be able to provide implementation up to the level of farmer cultivation management. The objectives of this study include (1) evaluating the performance of agricultural extension services, (2) identifying the internal and external environment of the organic agriculture extension program, (3) analyzing the strategy for developing an organic agriculture extension program. The study was conducted in the District of Junrejo Bumiaji Batu. Farmers and key persons were interviewed to obtain perceptual variables on the performance of extension workers, and strategies to increase the role of extension workers. The results of this study indicate that the performance of agricultural extension in seven indicators is sufficient. Only one indicator that has unsatisfactory performance is the media used in education counseling. Strategies for increasing the role of extension workers include: (1) improving information about organic agriculture by improving extension methods, (2) increasing the ability of farmer groups by working with stakeholders, (3) improving more effective and efficient extension methods, (4) improving the number of extension agents to optimize services for farmers, and (5) improving the quality of extension workers.JEL Classification: Q16, Q58, Q56
Soil damage by biomass production is a change in the basic properties of the soil in the area of biomass production caused by human actions. This study aims to analyze the damage to soil biomass production based on the biological characteristics of six sub-districts consisting of 12 villages in Probolinggo. The methods used are quantitative and qualitative methods, which include taking soil and plant samples, testing, surveis, interviews, and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The results of the FGD data are used to determine stakeholder perceptions regarding information on soil properties. The results of the survei at the sampling location showed that the soil texture was moderate, the structure was hard, and the soil thickness was around 50-150 cm. Two villages had a low category bacterial population ranging from 5.5×105–7.3×105 cfu/gram and 5 villages had a very low category bacterial population ranging from 9.55×104–2.45×106 cfu/ grams. Mushroom populations from 7 villages have a very low category of 6.15×104–2.75×105 cfu/gram and 5 villages have a low category. Bacterial and fungal populations in 12 villages showed that soil damage had not occurred, indicating that the abundance of bacteria and fungi was above the critical threshold (<102 cfu/gram). The results of stakeholder perceptions show ignorance that soil biological properties are an indicator of soil damage and ignorance that the continuous use of chemical fertilizers can kill bacteria and fungi.
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