Este artículo analiza desde una perspectiva crítica y reflexiva la asociación entre suicidio y trastorno mental. Se debate el dato de la Organización Mundial de la Salud que dice que el 90% de los suicidios se deben a un trastorno mental. Se concluye que la asunción acrítica de este dato conlleva: 1) una confusión entre un factor de riesgo y una causalidad psiquiátrica, 2) una idea reduccionista del suicidio y la conducta suicida vistos como un "síntoma", una evolución "natural" o incluso como un trastorno mental en sí mismo, y 3) finalmente, supone una anulación del núcleo íntimo del fenómeno suicida que es la capacidad de decisión-acción de una persona-en-un-contexto. Estas conclusiones ayudarían a pensar el suicidio más allá del enfoque biomédico y del factor diagnóstico. Palabras clave: Trastornos mentales, Psicopatología, Suicidio, Intento de suicidio, Factores de riesgo. This article analyzes, from a critical and reflexive approach, the relationship between suicide and mental disorder. The World Health Organization figure reporting that 90% of suicides are due to a mental disorder is debated. It is concluded that an uncritical assumption of this figure implies: 1) a confusion between a risk factor and a psychiatric causality, 2) a reductionist idea of suicide and suicidal behavior seen as a "symptom", a "natural" evolution, or even as a mental disorder in itself, and 3) finally, it involves the cancellation of the intimate nucleus of the suicidal phenomenon that is the decision-action capacity of a person-in-a-context. These conclusions help us to think about suicide in a way that goes beyond the biomedical approach and the diagnostic factor.
Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND.
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