No abstract

Benign tumors of the trachea are rare with leiomyomas even less common. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for their diagnosis as they usually mimic chest pathology. We report a case of 23-year-old male who presented with orthopnea since 6 weeks without any improvement despite medical treatment. His chest X-ray was normal but the neck computed tomography scan and flexible bronchoscopy showed a tracheal mass. It was resected by anterior endotracheal approach and diagnosed as leiomyoma on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

The Triple Assessment in breast lump diagnosis includes a combined approach by clinical examination, mammosonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Correlation between BI-RADS categories & cytological findings are useful approach to establish an accurate preoperative diagnosis and for planning treatment. The present study included 100 patients with palpable breast lesions. Detailed history of patients and mammosonography findings (BI-RADS category) were noted. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) smears were stained by Pap stain, H & E stain and Giemsa stain. Microscopic examination & reporting were done in correlation with BI-RADS categories. In present study majority of patients were between 41-50 years age with right side predominance. In FNAC findings, 45 patients had malignant lesions (predominantly Ductal carcinoma) & 55 patients had benign lesions (predominantly Fibroadenoma). It showed overall 93% concordance with BI-RADS categories.

BACKGROUND: In the developing countries manual methods are still used for the cultivation of the bacteria and many a times difficulties are involved in procuring suitable components for preparation of various nutrient media. The need has therefore arisen, to investigate the problem of exploitation of indigenous material such as groundnuts to substitute commercial preparations used in the various nutrient media for bacteriological culture. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated the problem of incorporation of groundnut as an indigenous protein source, to substitute the use of commercially available nutrients in various simple and selective media. SETTINGS & DESIGN: We have used manual methods for preparation of the culture media using both groundnut powder and commercial preparations as a source of protein. Further the various bacteriological parameters were studied comparing the both. MATERIAL & METHODS: In present study, the raw groundnut powder was used in the preparation of various media and these media have been further tested for various parameters like-bacterial growth, motility, as a medium for maintenance of stock cultures and for carrying out antibiotic sensitivity tests. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The results of groundnut substitute media for bacteriological culture was comparable to that of other commercially available media and it can be employed for routine bacteriological testing of the clinical samples.

Introduction: USG guided FNAC of thyroid particularly facilitates accurate FNAC of non-palpable small lesions. It has the major advantage of real time monitoring which help in accurate localisation of needle tip during aspiration. It is very useful in the non diagnostic or unsatisfactory cases (according to Bethesda System Bethesda category I). It has been suggested to reduce the rate of non-diagnostic material and subsequently reduce the false-negative interpretation. Aims: 1) To evaluate the Diagnostic accuracy of USG-guided FNAC of Thyroid. 2) To evaluate cellular yield of aspirated material in USG-guided FNAC. Materials and Methods:The present study included 100 patients with thyroid swelling undergoing USG guided FNAC who previously were diagnosed by FNAC as Non diagnostic or Unsatisfactory (According to Bethesda System Bethesda category I). USG guided FNAC was done & Smears were made. Then microscopy was done following the Bethesda system (TBS). Result: Total 100 patients with thyroid swelling undergoing USG guided FNAC who previously were diagnosed by FNAC as Bethesda category I. In present study, Out of 100 patients, maximum no. of patients were in 41 to 50 years age groups (54 cases) and majority were Female (84 Cases). The revised diagnosis in these cases according to TBS were as follow, Nodular goiter (29%), Colloid goiter (26%), lymphocytic thyroiditis (14%), Hashimoto thyroiditis (9%), Graves' disease (2%) & granulomatous thyroiditis (1%). Suspicious for malignancy (4%) and papillary carcinoma (4%) and Follicular neoplasm (3%). There was increased cellular yield of aspirated material in 92% of cases with USG guidance. In present study false negative & True Positive rates were-92% & 8% for Conventional FNAC technique, as concluded after repeat FNAC under USG guidance.