Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between Glycosy lated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and central foveal thickness measured by Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective single center study of 6 month duration including patients of pre-proliferative stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) was diagnosed by using OCT. OCT examination by 'RT optovue, Fremont, CA' and HbA1c measured by specific high-pressure liquid chromatography methods. If patient have both eye macular oedema, eye with thicker macular oedema was used for statistical analysis. Exclusion of patients who received intraocular surgery, cataract surgery, pars plana vitrectomy, Severe vitreous haemorrhage, etc. Results: One hundred four eyes of 104 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The mean Age ±SD was 62.3±8.1 years (range, 40-77 years). Mean value of HbA1c was 7.8%±1.4% (range, 5.1%-12.1%). Mean DM duration was 11.2±5.5 years (range, 1-30 years). Mean central retinal thickness was 257.1±79.3 μm (range, 151-526 μm). Univariate analysis was significant with HbA1C level (7 or over) (P=0.005). Not statistically significant with Sex (P=0.78), Right or left eye (P=0.59). Conclusion: Patients with HbA1c of 7% or above had an increase in macular thickness as measured by OCT in shorter DM duration (< 10 years). Its association with macular oedema is statistically significant. Good sugar control decreased the risk of diabetic macular oedema.
Although breastfeeding is a common practice in India, proper breastfeeding is very beneficiation for infants as well as mother. Despite strong evidence of the advantages of feeding, breast feeding rates are subpar, indicating significant gaps that must be found and filled. The objective of the present study was to examine the knowledge and practice of regarding breast feeding among Indian nurturing mother. Methodology: Present study is a descriptive survey carried out among postnatal mothers. Total of 60 mothers were included who met with the inclusion criteria by purposive sampling method. Inclusion criteria of study were mother of healthy baby (baby weight more than 2.5 kgs), baby without any congenital defect and baby born between 37 to 42 weeks of gestation. During data collection procedure the ethical considerations like formal permission from authorities, written consent from sample and confidentiality etc. Result: The present study found that having majority of mother have average knowledge and practice regarding breast feeding and positive correlation between both knowledge score and practice score. no significant association found between demographic variables with knowledge score as well practice score Except family monthly income.
Youth plays an exceptional part in the advancement of a nation. They turn over political and social structure of their land. United Nations Alliance of Civilization (2013) likewise called youth as the “Pivotal Pool of Talent, Ideas and Energy”. They represent the most rigid fragment of any nation’s population. In a more extensive sense, youth are the pillars of any nation’s future as expressed by the former Indian president. Nowadays, with rapid westernization and urbanization youth are becoming more fixated to superficiality as well as negativity which cause many psychological as well as mental issues like: depression, migraine, insomnia etc. Such a situation is alarming for the individual as well as to its society. Globally, the incidents and intensity of emotional health problems among early adolescents is at a steep rise. The negative energies like stress, depression, laziness, betrayal etc. are getting dominant and if left untouched then it may lead to serious consequences in future by negatively affecting school performance, social and emotional life. It is an experimental intervention study which shows that the Vedic school culture plays an important role in developing positive psychosocial attributes.
Pregnancy is usually a serene time of unparalleled joy and expectation in a woman's life. However, sometimes it can be complicated by illnesses or medical conditions. Although only 10-30% of the mothers seen in antenatal period can be classified as high risk they account for 70-80% of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Exercise during pregnancy naturally makes Primigravida mothers to feel good both mentally and physically. Exercising increases the production of serotonin which makes us feel better emotionally. The more care taken by individual bodies means the better they function and this includes the period of pregnancy and birth. Exercise is likely to improve sleep, mood and energy level. It may also help reduce bloating and prevent gestational diabetes. Women who exercise during pregnancy may also get back into shape after the birth of their baby more easily. Gentle exercising in pregnancy leads to an easier pregnancy and less complications during labour.
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