Correlation between central foveal thickness as measured by OCT andHbA1c level in diabetes retinopathy

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between Glycosy lated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and central foveal thickness measured by Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective single center study of 6 month duration including patients of pre-proliferative stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) was diagnosed by using OCT. OCT examination by 'RT optovue, Fremont, CA' and HbA1c measured by specific high-pressure liquid chromatography methods. If patient have both eye macular oedema, eye with thicker macular oedema was used for statistical analysis. Exclusion of patients who received intraocular surgery, cataract surgery, pars plana vitrectomy, Severe vitreous haemorrhage, etc. Results: One hundred four eyes of 104 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The mean Age ±SD was 62.3±8.1 years (range, 40-77 years). Mean value of HbA1c was 7.8%±1.4% (range, 5.1%-12.1%). Mean DM duration was 11.2±5.5 years (range, 1-30 years). Mean central retinal thickness was 257.1±79.3 μm (range, 151-526 μm). Univariate analysis was significant with HbA1C level (7 or over) (P=0.005). Not statistically significant with Sex (P=0.78), Right or left eye (P=0.59). Conclusion: Patients with HbA1c of 7% or above had an increase in macular thickness as measured by OCT in shorter DM duration (< 10 years). Its association with macular oedema is statistically significant. Good sugar control decreased the risk of diabetic macular oedema.

Correlation Between Glycaemic Indices and Central Foveal Thickness in Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working aged adults around the world. 1 Patients with DR are about 25 times more likely to become blind than those of nondiabetics. 10 The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) study on Type 1 diabetes mellitus and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 11 involving newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes have provided great evidence on the importance of glycaemic control on the development of retinopathy and its progression, to assess retinal features or stages of DR. 12,13 Out of the many symptoms associated with diabetic retinopathy, visual disturbances are mainly because of DME and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).…”

“…In CRUES eye study, there was a linear trend in the increase in prevalence with increasing HbA1c. 1 There are mainly two mechanisms due to which there is macular thickening in DR. one is that the microvascular damage can cause changes in the haemodynamics of macula resulting in breakdown of inner blood retina barrier causing thickening. Some studies have also shown that due to prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycaemia there is hydration of macula due to osmosis leading to foveal thickening.…”

“…Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness around the world and estimates of diabetic retinopathy prevalence are few including diabetic macular oedema (DME). 1 Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic, vision threatening disease of the retinal vasculature which is associated with prolonged hyperglycaemia. 2 Chronic hyperglycaemia is one of the primary factors leading to development and complication of diabetic retinopathy.…”