Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial tumors that account for less than 0.5% of all breast tumors. Presentation in children is even rarer. In this paper, we describe a case of an adolescent with a phyllodes tumor. The rare presentation at this age, its distinguishing features, the preoperative diagnostic difficulties, and the management protocols of this uncommon tumor are highlighted.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, though an uncommon surgical procedure in paediatric age group is still associated with a higher risk of post-operative bile duct injuries when compared with the open procedure. Small leaks from extra hepatic biliary apparatus usually lead to the formation of a localized sub-hepatic bile collection, also known as biloma. Such leaks are rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, especially in paediatric age group. Minor bile leaks can usually be managed non-surgically by percutaneous drainage combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). However, surgical exploration is required in cases not responding to non-operative management. If not managed on time, such injuries can lead to severe hepatic damage. We describe a case of an eight-year-old girl who presented with biloma formation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy who was managed by ERCP.
Background and objectivesAdnexal masses are rare in the pediatric age group. We present our experience with 20 patients with adnexal masses.Design and settingThis retrospective observational analysis was performed on 20 children with adnexal masses who were treated at our institute between May 2011 and November 2015.Patients and methodsFifteen pediatric patients who were admitted between May 2011 and November 2015 were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed based on their age at the time of admission, their presenting complaints, clinical and radiological findings, tumor markers, management and follow-up.ResultsThe patients' age at the time of admission ranged between 3 days and 12 years. Abdominal pain and lump were the most common presenting complaints.Four patients (20%) had antenatally diagnosed cystic ovarian lesions. On postnatal scan, two patients had a simple cyst measuring less than 6 cm, which resolved on follow-up ultrasound at 3 months. One neonate had a simple cyst, larger than 6 cm on postnatal scan, which was managed by marsupialization. One antenatally diagnosed patient had a dermoid cyst that required oophorectomy.Ten patients (50%) had dermoid cyst and underwent complete surgical excision of the mass. Based on histopathologic results, two of these patients had immature teratoma and required adjuvant chemotherapy (Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin). The serum AFP levels of these patients were carefully monitored.One patient with bilateral ovarian cysts was diagnosed with Van Wyk–Grumbach syndrome, which resolved significantly after a 3-month regimen of thyroxin supplementation.Five patients presented with torsion and required emergency surgery—three had mature teratoma, one had an immature teratoma and one had large simple cysts.ConclusionThe majority of ovarian tumors are benign. Accurate staging, complete resection and chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant tumors have contributed to excellent survival rates in these patients.
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