Introduction:Liver abscess is common in pediatric population in India. Children have unique set of predisposing factors and clinical features. Liver abscesses are infectious, space-occupying lesions in the liver; the two most common abscesses being pyogenic and amebic. Its severity depends on the source of the infection and the underlying condition of the patient.Materials and methods:A total of 34 patients less than 12 years were assessed in a retrospective study from January 2012 to 2016. Patients were assessed in terms of age of presentation, etiology, bacteriology, diagnosis, and modality of treatment.Results:The mean age of presentation was 6.3 years. Average volume of abscess was 164 cc. Nine patients (26.4%) underwent percutaneous needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance with wide bore needle (18 G disposable needle). Three patients required more than two sittings of aspiration. Patients with volume more than 80 cc were treated with catheter drainage. Twenty patients (58.8%) underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage. Two patients required catheter drainage for large abscess and needle aspiration for the smaller abscess.Conclusion:Antimicrobial therapy along with percutaneous drainage constitutes the mainstay of treatment, whereas open surgical drainage should be reserved for selected cases.How to cite this article: Waghmare M, Shah H, Tiwari C, Khedkar K, Gandhi S. Management of Liver Abscess in Children: Our Experience. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):23-26.
Background and objectivesMesenteric cysts are rare in paediatric age group and usually present as asymptomatic abdominal lumps. Acute presentations are uncommon and their preoperative diagnosis is difficult.Design and settingsThis is a retrospective observational study describing three children with mesenteric cysts who presented with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction.Patients and methodsThree children with mesenteric cysts who presented with acute abdomen are described as per their age, presenting symptoms and signs, investigations, management, and outcome.ResultsThe three children presented in emergency with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction. On exploration, all had mesenteric cyst and were managed by deroofing, marsupilisation and excision. All patients recovered uneventfully.ConclusionsPresentation of mesenteric cyst as acute obstruction in paediatric age group is rare and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The larger cysts are more likely to have an acute presentation.
PurposeAbdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult.MethodsFourteen patients with histological diagnosis of cysts of gastrointestinal origin admitted between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site and type of cyst, management, outcome and follow-up.ResultsThe mean age at presentation was 4 years and there were six males and eight females. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Five patients had an acute presentation-three had distal ileal mesenteric cysts and two had ileal duplication cyst sharing a common wall with ileum. Six patients presented with chronic abdominal pain and lump—three patients had omental cysts and three had mesenteric cysts—two of these in distal ileum and one in sigmoid colon. Two patients presented with antenatally diagnosed palpable abdominal lump. One had a mesenteric cyst of the ileum and the other had a distal ileal duplication cyst which required excision with resection and anastomosis. One patient had an atypical presentation. He was a known case of sickle cell trait and had presented with vague abdominal pain, recurrent cough and multiple episodes of haemoptysis over a period of one year. At laparotomy, gastric duplication cyst was found which was excised completely. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.ConclusionCysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare and have varied presentation. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. The results and prognosis are good.
Background: The term Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation (SIP) suggests a perforation in the gastrointestinal tract of a newborn with no demonstrable cause.Methods: Four neonates presenting with spontaneous bowel perforation were analyzed with respect to clinical presentation, management and outcome.Results: The mean age at presentation was 11.4 days. There were three males and one female. One of the neonates was preterm, very low birth weight and the other three were full term. Two neonates underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and two were initially managed by peritoneal drainage in view of poor general condition; one of them improved and did not require further operative intervention. The preterm very low birth weight neonate was stabilized and explored after 48 hours. Intra-operatively, two of them had two ileal perforations each which required ileostomy; one had single perforation in the transverse colon which was primarily repaired. All four had an uneventful recovery.Conclusion: SIP is a distinct clinical entity and has better outcome than neonates with intestinal perforation secondary to Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC).
Background The creation of a joint between two bowel ends in newborns and infants is one of the core surgical procedures in pediatric surgery. For a proper and perfect gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis, the factors to be considered are intraoperative duration, restoration of normal GI function, effective hemostasis, reduction of tissue damage, and prevention of postoperative mortality and morbidity. The safety and efficacy of stapled GI tract anastomosis in adults have been extensively documented; however, available literature on the same is limited for infants. Materials and methods Fifty-six patients were divided into two groups—stapled group and hand-sewn group. Patients operated on both emergency and elective basis were included in the study. Hand-sewn anastomosis was done by either end-to-end single-layer or double-layer anastomosis. Suture material used for the anastomosis was Vicryl 3-0 or Vicryl 4-0. Stapled anastomosis was done by 55 mm linear cutting GI stapler with side-to-side anastomosis. Results The present study included a total of 56 patients; there were 28 neonates and 28 infants; 37 of them were males. The most common clinical presentations were vomiting, abdominal distention, refusal to feed, and lethargy. The intraoperative duration in stapled GI anastomosis was less when compared to hand-sewn anastomosis, so was the return of bowel activity and consequently early initiation of feeds and shorter hospital stay. Conclusion The present study favors stapled over hand-sewn GI anastomosis in infancy in view of decreased intraoperative duration, reduced blood loss, early return of peristalsis, early initiation of feeds, and shorter duration of hospital stay. However, a small number of patients and lack of matching are the shortcomings of this study. How to cite this article Mitra AS, Chandak U, Kulkarni KK, et al. Stapled vs Conventional Hand-sewn Gastrointestinal Anastomosis during Infancy: A Prospective Comparative Study from Central India. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1):11–15.
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