O prazer experimentado ao se envolver em atividades é fator fundamental para o bem-estar do idoso. Estudos mostram que prática de atividades agradáveis atua como variável mediadora na prevenção e superação de desordens psicológicas, ajuda a lidar com os efeitos negativos de perda de funcionalidade, viuvez e pouco contato familiar, bem como prediz bem-estar físico e psicológico. A literatura consultada mostrou que, no Brasil, as pesquisas que abordam esse tema são incipientes, e que não existe ainda um instrumento validado para a realidade brasileira que avalie envolvimento de idosos em atividades prazerosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar instrumentos existentes que avaliam a frequência do envolvimento de idosos em atividades e o nível de prazer subjetivo experimentado em cada uma delas, para então sugerir um instrumento a ser submetido a um processo de validação transcultural no Brasil. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: CAPES, SciElo, LILACS e Medline. Não foram localizados instrumentos brasileiros que medissem o envolvimento de idosos em atividades prazerosas. Foram localizados três instrumentos internacionais: The California Older Person's Pleasant Events Schedule (COPPES); The Pleasant Events Schedule-AD (PES-AD) e The Pool Activity Level (PAL). Todos os instrumentos apresentaram boas propriedades psicométricas, no entanto o COPPES aparentou ser o instrumento mais apropriado para uma validação transcultural para o Brasil. Espera-se que um instrumento desta natureza possa contribuir para a realização de pesquisas, planejamento e avaliação de intervenções e estratégias preventivas focadas na promoção de bem-estar entre idosos, no Brasil.
Older people’s mental health is at risk during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study investigated gender differences in home isolation, beliefs about Covid-19 and mental health indicators among elderly internet users during the pandemic. A total of 384 older persons (66.9% women and 30.1% men) answered an online survey devised to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, beliefs/attitudes about Covid-19, depression (PHQ-2), loneliness (short version of the UCLA-BR), social support and resilience (the BRS). Older women showed poorer mental health indicators, were more likely to adhere to home isolation and believe in the effectiveness of this measure, and felt more self-confident to self-isolate at home. Stronger perceived vulnerability to Covid-19 and awareness of the gravity of the disease were related to poorer mental health indicators among women. Older women are a high-risk group for negative mental health outcomes during the pandemic and should therefore be a primary focus of actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on mental health.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar evidências de validade da estrutura interna da versão brasileira do California Older Person Pleasant Events Schedule-OPPES-BR, um instrumento para avaliar o envolvimento de idosos em atividades prazerosas, que pode ser utilizado em contexto clínico para o tratamento da depressão. Para tal, foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória em amostra brasileira de 337 idosos não institucionalizados e sem alterações cognitivas, com idade média de 69,7 anos, sendo 68,2% do sexo feminino. Observou-se que o OPPES-BR abarcou quatro domínios: Atividades Sociais e de Competência, Atividades Contemplativas, Atividades Práticas e Atividades Intelectuais, explicando 43,6% da variância total. Essa estrutura fatorial necessita ainda ser confirmada em uma segunda amostra de idosos brasileiros, por meio de análises fatoriais confirmatórias. No entanto, os resultados obtidos já fornecem evidências de validade da estrutura interna do OPPES-BR, sugerindo possibilidades de aplicação em contextos de intervenções e de pesquisas com idosos brasileiros. Palavras-chave: análise fatorial; validade de construto; escala; idosos. ABSTRACT-Factor Structure of the Brazilian Version of the California Older Person's Pleasant Events Schedule The objective of the present study was to investigate internal structure validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the California Older Person's Pleasant Events Schedule (COPPES-BR), an instrument to evaluate the involvement of older adults in pleasurable activities, which can be used in clinical context for the treatment of depression. To that end, an exploratory factor analysis was performed in a Brazilian sample of 337 non-institutionalized older adult individuals with no cognitive impairment, with a mean age of 69.7 years, of which 68.2% were female. It was observed that COPPES-BR covered four domains: Social Activities and Competence, Contemplative Activities, Practical Activities, and Intellectual Activities, accounting for 43.6% of the total variance. This factor structure still needs to be confirmed in a second sample of Brazilian seniors through confirmatory factor analysis. However, the results obtained already provide validity evidence of the internal structure of COPPES-BR, suggesting possibilities of application in contexts of interventions and research with Brazilian seniors.
Involving the elderly in pleasant activities plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of depression. In addition to the influence of mental health benefits, the frequency of involvement in pleasant activities is also affected by the level of functional dependence and socioeconomic conditions of the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between scores of the Brazilian version of an instrument to evaluate the involvement of the elderly in pleasant events (OPPES-BR) and depressive symptoms, functional dependence and socio-demographic variables, to verify the external validity of the OPPES-BR. The sample consisted of 337 non-institutionalized elderly individuals without cognitive impairments, who completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Pfeffer’s Functional Activities Questionnaire, Brazil’s Economic Classification Criterion and the OPPES-BR. The frequency of involvement in potentially pleasant activities was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, functional dependence and less favorable socio-demographic conditions, suggesting evidence for the external validity of the OPPES-BR.
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