Abstract. In this paper we enumerate all prime, nonsplit, oriented, classical links having two or more components and nine or fewer crossings. Our list is complete up to diffeomorphism of S and complete reorientation of the link. (That is, reorienting every component of the link.) Previously, only tables of nonoriented links have been compiled. Furthermore, we list, in the case of alternating links, all possible minimal diagrams of each link up to orientation. We also include the skein polynomials of each link.Our methods are direct generalizations of those used by Dowker and Thistlethwaite to enumerate knots. We rely heavily on the HOMFLY and Kauffman polynomials to distinguish inequivalent links. In a few cases these invariants will not suffice and other link invariants are employed. Our table is generated "from scratch" rather than by introducing orientations into already existing nonoriented tables. This provides a check on Conway's table in the range mentioned above.
Environmental radiation monitoring networks have been established in Europe and world-wide for the purpose of protecting population and environment against ionizing radiation. Some of these networks had been established during the cold war period and were improved after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Today, the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) operates an early warning network with roughly 1800 ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) stations equally distributed over the German territory. The hardware and software of all network components are developed in-house allowing the continuous optimization of all relevant components. A probe characterization and quality assurance and control program are in place. Operational and technical aspects of the network and data harmonization techniques are described. The latter allows for calculating of the terrestrial and net ADER combined with uncertainties mainly from site specific effects. Harmonized data are finally used as input to the German emergency management system and the European radiological data exchange platform.
The Schauinsland inter-calibration facility (INTERCAL) has been designed to enable long-term comparison experiments for 20 different dose rate probes from different networks. Two reference probes characterised by the European Radiation Dosimetry WG3 inter-calibration experiments in 2008 and 2009 have been installed at the INTERCAL facility. Additional instrumentation provides measured data of activity in air and nuclide-specific dose rate as well as environmental parameters such as air pressure, temperature, precipitation and soil moisture. Complementary to WG3 experiments, the INTERCAL platform is an ideal framework to investigate the long-term behaviour of dose rate probes and different spectrometry systems under environmental conditions. Two additional exposure experiments were performed in April 2009 and in May 2012.
Abstract:The political goal to reduce the transformation effects of political measures to the advantage of active farmers is only partially achieved with the Combi-model. The primary recipients are farmers who will give up their farms after introducing the Combi-model. These farmers have mostly farmed leased land. They will return these lands (leased before the reform) to the former leasers and sell their premium rights to other farm owners or lease these in co-operation with the former leasers for a fee to a new lease. Farmers who want to farm over a long term cannot use the stronger negotiating position against the old lessors following the introduction of the Combi-model because they must maintain a good leaser-leasee relationship. But they do profit to a certain extent, at least at first, because the negotiating results of the farms closing with the old leasers will become public. In contrast, the negotiating position of farmers who first lease their land areas following the introduction of the Combi-model is hardly strengthened, particularly in the current lease market in Germany. Key words: Common Agricultural Policy, land market, rental market, land pricesAbstrakt: Politický záměr oslabit transformační efekty politických opatření tak, aby byly ve prospěch hospodařících zemědělců, je pouze částečně dosažen prostřednictvím Combi-modelu. Hlavními příjemci jsou zemědělci, kteří se po zavedení Combi-modelu vzdají svých pozemků. Tito zemědělci většinou hospodařili na pronajaté půdě. Vrátí tuto půdu (pronajatou před reformou) bývalým pronajímatelům a prodají svá výsadní práva dalším vlastníkům pozemků nebo pozemky pronajmou ve spolupráci s původním pronajímatelem a za úplatu novému nájemci. Zemědělci, kteří chtějí opět dlouhodobě hospodařit, nemohou zaujmout silnější vyjednávací pozici vůči původním pronajímatelům vzhledem k udržení vzájemných dobrých vztahů. Mají však prospěch ze zaručené plochy, alespoň z počátku, protože výsledky dohody o najaté půdě uzavřené s původními pronajímateli se zveřejní. Naopak, vyjednávací pozice zemědělců, kteří si pronajali půdu po zavedení Combi-modelu, je mnohem silnější, zejména na současném trhu s nájmem nemovitostí v Německu.
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