The substrate used in seedling production plays a major role in the initial plant development. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the emergence capacity and establishment of basil seedlings in different proportions of alternative substrates based on charred rice husk and commercial substrate S10®. The experiment was carried out in expanded polyethylene trays, using basil seeds (Horticeres seeds®), which lasted 28 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments (T1: 100 % commercial substrate (BCS); T2: 80 % BCS + 20 % Charred rice husk (CRH); T3: 60 % BCS + 40 % CRH; T4: 40 % BCS + 60 % CRH; T5: 20 % BCS + 80 % CRH) and three repetitions. Were evaluated leaf number, shoot length, root length, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, leaf area, germination, germination speed index, substrate physical analysis (density (dry and wet)), total porosity and aeration space, and chemical analysis (hydrogen potential (PH), and electrical conductivity (EC)). It was observed in the results that the substrate type interferes in the development and quality of the basil seedling. In the shoot lenght parameter, the treatment with 40 % BCS + 60 % CRH (T4) had a significant difference compared to the other treatments. Among the substrates, the best seedling performance was observed in the substrate with 80 % BCS + 20 % CRH (T2), which provided better seedling quality in relation to the other treatments.
In Brazil, the cultivation of pecan trees has substantially increased in the last years, thus requiring the development of scientific research and technologies to improve it. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tipping off effect associated with the use of biofertilizer in the growth of newly implanted plants in their final site. The treatments consisted of : control; application of “supermagro” biofertilizer; tipping off of plants, and tipping off associated with the use of biofertilizer. The variables evaluated were: plant height; plant growth rate; stem thickness; number of leaves, and number of leaves/stem height ratio. In addition, leaf nutrient content analysis was performed. Tipping off and the use of biofertilizer provide greater growth of the plant height and cultivar scion diameter after sprouting. Thus, tipping off associated with biofertilizer can be used in the early phase of the pecan orchard implantation to provide the best plant development.
The choice to cultivate is one of the main factors to be considered before the implementation of the pecan orchard (Carya illinoinensis). This is because it may influence factors such as production and yield to the producer, speed of development of the plant, greater resistance to diseases, early production, pollination and fruit characteristics. Its production stems from cross-pollination, as the male and female organs do not juxtapose in the maturity time. The degree of overlap between pollen release and pistil receptivity varies with the mode of cultivation. Thus, to ensure the possibility of high yields, two or more modes of cultivation should be performed concurrently through cross-pollination. This study aimed to compare the phenological development of two pecan crops in the four cardinal quadrants of an orchard located in southern Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a rural property in an orchard aged five years in the municipality of Morro Redondo (RS). Greater development was observed in the length of the branches in the south quadrant, with an average of 80.54 cm. In conclusion, in our study, the phenological development and growth of pecan branches occur differently due to the cardinal position. The branches in the west quadrant are smaller in length and diameter. In the Barton cultivar, the branches positioned in the South quadrant were larger in diameter and length, influencing the phenological development. Already, the cultivar Shawnee has not completed its production cycle. In addition, floral development in the 'Barton' branches occurred earlier in those in the western quadrant.
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