The
mechanism of how plant-derived nanovesicles are uptaken by
cells remains unknown. In this study, the garlic-derived nanovesicles
(GDVs) were isolated and digested with trypsin to remove all surface
proteins. Digested GDVs showed less uptake compared to undigested
GDVs, confirming that the surface proteins played a role in the endocytosis.
On the cell side (HepG2), interestingly, blocking the CD98 receptors
significantly reduced the uptake of GDVs. During the cellular internalization
of GDVs, we observed that some surface proteins of GDVs were co-localized
with CD98. A total lysate of the GDV surface showed a high presence
of a mannose-specific binding protein, II lectin. Blocking GDV II
lectin (using mannose preincubation) highly reduced the GDV internalization,
which supports that direct interaction between II lectin and CD98
plays an important role in internalization. The GDVs also exhibited
in vitro
anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating proinflammatory
factors on the HepG2 cells. This work contributes to understanding
a part of the GDV internalization process and the cellular anti-inflammatory
effects of garlic.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have the capacity to improve the bioactivity and bioavailability of anti-inflammatory drugs. Here, a green drug nanocarrier based on ovalbumin (OVA) was facilely produced via a self-assembling process by adding epigallo-catechin 3-gallate (EGCG) aqueous solution to OVA aqueous solution at 80 °C. The obtained EGCG-NPs had an average hydrodynamic diameter (around 202.9 nm), negative surface charge (approximately −13.2 mV), high EGCG encapsulation efficiency (98.1%), and reduction-responsive EGCG release capacity. Additionally, they possessed excellent biocompatibility and achieved a much higher cellular uptake rate of EGCG than pristine EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG-NPs had remarkably stronger capacity to suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, interleukin-12) and promote the production of anti-inflammatory factor (interleukin-10), in comparison with pristine EGCG. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated the excellent therapeutic efficacy of EGCG-NPs in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study collectively suggests that these facilely fabricated OVA-based NPs could be exploited as an efficient EGCG carrier for UC therapy.
This study aimed at development of drug loaded nanoparticles which could bind to hydroxyapatite (HA) to construct drug or growth factor releasing bone graft substitutes. To this end, the terminal hydroxyl group of a nonionic surfactant Brij 78 (polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether) was first modified with pamidronate (Pa). Using Pa-Brij 78 as both a surfactant and an affinity ligand to HA, three different Pa surface functionalized nanoparticles were prepared, named as solid lipid nanoparticles (Pa-SNPs), nanoemulsions (Pa-NEMs), and PLGA nanoparticles (Pa-PNPs). A model drug curcumin was successfully encapsulated in the three nanoparticles. The sizes of Pa-NEM and Pa-PNP were around 150 nm and the size of Pa-SNP was around 90 nm with polydispersity indexes (PDIs) less than 0.20. Drug encapsulation efficiencies of the three nanoparticles were all greater than 85%. Furthermore, the order of binding affinity of the nanoparticles to HA wasPa-PNP>Pa-NEM=Pa-SNP. After lyophilization, the sizes of the three nanoparticles were increased about 0.5–2.0-fold but their binding affinities to HA were almost the same as the fresh prepared nanoparticles. In conclusion, a Pa-modified Brij 78 was synthesized and used for fabrication of a series of drug loaded nanoparticles to construct drug-eluting HA-based bone graft substitutes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.