Cancellous bone grafting is a widely accepted technique in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery. However, the use of autogenous bone graft is limited by the additional surgical time required to harvest the graft, the morbidity associated with the donor site, and the limited availability of cancellous bone, especially in feline patients. Various allografts and bone graft substitutes are available commercially but have not been fully evaluated for efficacy in the cat. The purpose of this study was to compare the incorporation of autogenous and allogenous cancellous bone graft and Bioglass, a synthetic bone graft substitute, in femoral defects in cats. Four (4.0 mm diameter) defects were created in the lateral diaphyseal cortex of the left femur with an orthopaedic drill. In each femur, one of the cortical defects was filled with autogenous cancellous graft (harvested from the tibia), one was filled with allogenic cancellous graft, and one was filled with Bioglass. The fourth defect remained unfilled. Graft incorporation within the femoral defects was evaluated by radiographic evaluation every two weeks. Six weeks after the grafting procedure, the cats were euthanatized and high detailed radiography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), histopathology and histomorphometry of the defects were performed. Satisfactory bone healing was observed within all of the defects.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the occurrence of lateral patellar luxation in poodles. The animals were referred to the Orthopedics Service of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, - Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil, twelve client-owned poodles, seven females and five males poodles ranging in age from three to nine months. Clinical examination showed lameness, pain and deformities of the affected limbs. Surgical trochleoplasties were performed with medial retinacular overlap and medial tibial tuberosity transposition. The animals recovered their normal activity within a period of one to two weeks after surgery. Although this was a rarely occurring pathological condition in poodles, surgical repair was easy to execute because of its similarity to correction of medial patellar luxation. Lateral patellar luxation in small dogs is rare and, when present, is of congenital origin, at times progressing to marked functional impotence of the affected limbs.
ResumoForam avaliados os resultados clínicos e a técnica de abordagem por meio de tenotomia do músculo tríceps braquial para o tratamento de fraturas epifisárias distais do úmero em 19 cães. Vinte fraturas foram classificadas segundo a apresentação radiográfica. Seis eram fraturas do tipo I, cinco do tipo 11, quatro do tipo 111 e cinco do tipo IV. Foram aplicados pinos de "Rush" e parafusos intercondilares em 12 casos (quatro fraturas tipo I, quatro tipo 11, uma tipo 111 e três tipo IV). Foi utilizado parafuso intercondilar associado a pino de "Steinman" cruzados em forma de X em oito casos, sendo duas fraturas do tipo I, uma do tipo 11, três do tipo 111 e duas do tipo IV. Os animais apresentaram desconforto pós-operatório imediato, regredindo após curto período. Três animais apresentaram seroma até três dias pós-operatórios. As complicações observadas foram a fratura ou deformidade do implante metálico em dois casos e migração dos implantes metálicos em outros dois cães. Obtiveram-se resultados excelentes em 12 membros, bons em quatro, regular em três e um resultado ruim. Pode-se concluir que a abordagem por meio de tenotomia do tríceps braquial propiciou adequada exposição óssea, apresentando complicações comuns a outras abordagens, servindo como mais uma alternativa de acesso cirúrgico à epífise distai do úmero em cães. Palavras-chave: tenotomia, fraturas epifisárias, úmero, cães. AbstractClinicai results and the surgical approach by rrieans of tenotomy of the triceps brachii for repair of distai epiphyseal fractures of the humerus in 19 dogs were evaluated. Twenty fractures were classified according to its radiographic aspect. Six were a type I fracture, five, a type 11, four, a type 111 and five, a type IV fracture. "Rush".pins and intercondylar screws were used in 12 cases (4 type I, 4 type 11, 1 type 111 and 3 type IV fractures). Crossed "Steinman" pins and intercondylar screws were used in eight fractures, where two were type I, one type 11, three type 111 and two type IV. Dogs exhibited signs of discomfort postoperatively which disappeared within few days after surgery. Three dogs presented seroma formation until three days after surgery. Complications included fracture or deformity of the metallic implant in two dogs and pin migration in other two animais. Excellent results were observed in 12 dogs, good in four, satisfactory in three and one unsatisfactory result. lt is concluded that the surgical approach · by means of tenotomy of the triceps brachii allowed adequate exposure of the fractured fragments sharing complications with other surgical approaches, and coul.d be considered as an alternativa approach for the distai humerus epiphyses.
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