No abstract

This randomized controlled trial shows that virtual simulator training significantly affects technical accuracy in the early and mid-term stages of endoscopic training. It helps reduce the time needed to reach technical competency, but clinically the effect is limited. Simulator training could be useful in an endoscopy training curriculum but cannot replace on-patient training.

Reduced pancreatic β-cell function or mass is the critical problem in developing diabetes. Insulin release from β-cells depends on Ca influx through high voltage-gated Ca channels (HVCCs). Ca influx also regulates insulin synthesis and insulin granule priming and contributes to β-cell electrical activity. The HVCCs are multisubunit protein complexes composed of a pore-forming α and auxiliary β and αδ subunits. αδ is a key regulator of membrane incorporation and function of HVCCs. Here we show that genetic deletion of αδ-1, the dominant αδ subunit in pancreatic islets, results in glucose intolerance and diabetes without affecting insulin sensitivity. Lack of the αδ-1 subunit reduces the Ca currents through all HVCC isoforms expressed in β-cells equally in male and female mice. The reduced Ca influx alters the kinetics and amplitude of the global Ca response to glucose in pancreatic islets and significantly reduces insulin release in both sexes. The progression of diabetes in males is aggravated by a selective loss of β-cell mass, while a stronger basal insulin release alleviates the diabetes symptoms in most αδ-1 female mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that the loss of the Ca channel αδ-1 subunit function increases the susceptibility for developing diabetes in a sex-dependent manner.

No abstract

Fatigue is a frequently reported symptom after a stroke. Although the phenomenology of poststroke fatigue is well known, clear definitions as well as diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are missing. Poststroke fatigue can be regarded as a multidimensional phenomenon that might be influenced by neurological, physical, psychological, and cognitive factors. It can range from mild to severe and can affect every area of the activities of daily life. The objective of our preliminary study was to outline aspects of a specific treatment program for the management of poststroke fatigue. Eight patients were recruited for a mindfulnessenhanced, integrative neuropsychotherapy program. The treatment was a combination of neuropsychological interventions, psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness techniques. The main treatment foci were (a) to facilitate an increased awareness of fatigue symptoms, (b) to help the patient detect and manage triggers of fatigue, and (c) to equip the patient with multiple self-help tools. Measures were assessed at the beginning, during, and at the end of treatment using self-assessment questionnaire for mental fatigue and related symptoms after neurological disorders and injuries. Significant pre-to post-assessment differences were observed. These findings suggest that patients may benefit from a specific treatment program in order to better adapt to poststroke fatigue. These findings encourage further investigation of this integrative treatment in larger samples that include adequate control treatments.

Analyses of atmospheric air extracted from air bubbles in polar glacier ice provide a measure of past CO2concentrations and their temporal variations. Earlier measurements have shown that the atmospheric CO2concentration was significantly lower during the late Wisconsin stage and that the change from low to high CO2concentration occurred in a relatively short time period.We measured the CO2concentration of ice samples from the deep ice core recently drilled at Dye 3 (south Greenland). The core section investigated represents ice from about 40 to 30 ka BP. The air extracted from the ice samples shows large variations of CO2concentration which are correlated with δ18O values of the ice samples. A probable explanation of the results is that corresponding changes of the atmospheric CO2concentration occurred during that glacial period. These changes could have had a significant influence on the climate. Possible reasons for the variations of the atmospheric CO2concentration are discussed.

No abstract

Analyses of atmospheric air extracted from air bubbles in polar glacier ice provide a measure of past CO2 concentrations and their temporal variations. Earlier measurements have shown that the atmospheric CO2 concentration was significantly lower during the late Wisconsin stage and that the change from low to high CO2 concentration occurred in a relatively short time period.We measured the CO2 concentration of ice samples from the deep ice core recently drilled at Dye 3 (south Greenland). The core section investigated represents ice from about 40 to 30 ka BP. The air extracted from the ice samples shows large variations of CO2 concentration which are correlated with δ18O values of the ice samples. A probable explanation of the results is that corresponding changes of the atmospheric CO2 concentration occurred during that glacial period. These changes could have had a significant influence on the climate. Possible reasons for the variations of the atmospheric CO2 concentration are discussed.