No abstract

There was a statistically significant difference in average drop size and cost among the three studied drugs. Combigan presented the lowest daily cost followed by Xalacom and Cosopt.

Higher OPA values were found in eyes with higher IOP levels and advanced glaucoma's lesions in asymmetric hypertensive POAG patients. However, after the OPA correction by the IOP levels there was no more statistical difference between eyes.

Familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF) is an autosomal dominant form of systemic amyloidosis showing marked geographic clustering in Finland. The disease is caused by a point mutation, 654G-A, in the gelsolin gene. The Danish-subtype of FAF has been previously described in three families, the patients present clinical findings similar to FAF, and the mutation 654G-T in the gelsolin gene. Three members from two generations of the same family, with familial amyloidosis, were screened for mutations in the GSN gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out under standard conditions, using appropriate primers. Sequence analysis showed the presence of a G to T transition at nucleotide 654 of the gelsolin gene. This is the first report of gelsolin-related familial amyloidosis in a Brazilian family, and the result is particularly significant as this pedigree presents an unusual mutation, described previously in three families, with no known Finnish ancestors (Danish type). Keywords

Introduction: The caruncle is a modified cutaneous tissue located at the inner canthus that contains hair follicles, accessory lacrimal glands, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. These different types of tissues can give rise to a wide variety of lesions that make the clinical diagnosis difficult. The aim of the study was to investigate the most common types of caruncle lesions and the clinical and pathological correlation.

One-stage correction of BPES is safe and efficient with the surgical techniques described.

Trabalho realizado como parte dos requisitos necessários para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Médicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense.Recebido para publicação em 25.04.2010 Última versão recebida em 07.11.2010 Aprovação em 15.11.2010 Nota Editorial: Depois de concluída a análise do artigo sob sigilo editorial e com a anuência do Dr. Carlos Teixeira Brandt sobre a divulgação de seu nome como revisor, agradecemos sua participação neste processo. INTRODUÇÃOO cenário atual do exercício de medicina no Brasil apresenta um quadro que chama a atenção e os desafios a serem enfrentados não se comparam com aqueles que as gerações anteriores de médicos tiveram de lidar. Nos últimos anos assistiu-se a um expressivo aumento do número de Escolas de Medicina, algumas criadas para atender finalidades empresariais e não para atender às demandas sociais. Além disso, observou-se a consolidação das empresas conhecidas como "planos de saúde" no sistema de atendimento médico. O progresso tecnológico foi fantástico, mas ao mesmo tempo em que ampliou as condições de melhores diagnósticos e curas, multiplicou severamente os custos dos cuidados com a saúde (1) . E, ao que parece, copiou-se o modelo Norte-Americano da indústria de ações judiciais contra médicos, já que a Medicina assim o permite, por ser ciência imprecisa, de dúvidas e incertezas.O número de processos judiciais cíveis na área médica tem aumentado muito nos últimos 10 anos. Na oftalmologia, as áreas ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the possible predisposing factors of lawsuits involving ophthalmologists. Methods: Retrospective study of 70 lawsuits involving the practice of Ophthalmology. The patient's gender, age, medical and ophthalmic history were reviewed. The eye disorder that generated the prosecution, the pre-existing ophthalmic diagnosis, the preoperative exams and the operating room data were also analyzed. The informed consent form, the outcome of the litigation and the value of compensation were recorded. Results: Blindness was reported in 45 (64.3%) of the 70 lawsuits and was the principal eye disorder related to litigation. The pre-existing eye diseases associated with legal claims were: cataracts in 46 (65.7%) lawsuits, refractive errors in 12 (17.1%), ocular trauma in 8 (11.4%), glaucoma in 3 (4.3%) and retinal detachment in 1 (1.4%) lawsuit. The major surgical complications that possibly motivated the patient to sue the ophthalmologist were retinal detachment in 37 (52.8%) lawsuits, poor visual acuity after cataract surgery in 12 (17.1%), corneal disorders following refractive surgery in 8 (11.4%), endophthalmitis in 4 (5.7%), discomfort with refractive prescriptions in 4 (5.7%) and ocular atrophy in 4 (5.7%) lawsuits. Ophthalmic surgery was involved in 94.3% of the 70 prosecutions analyzed. Two or less visits to the ophthalmologist preceding the surgical or refractive event leading to legal dispute were recorded in 67.1% of the lawsuits. A pre-surgical Informed consent form was not used in 63% of the 66 surgical procedures ...

BackgroundTo examine the immunohistochemical expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and Ki-67 protein in human pterygium.Materials and methodsTissues obtained during pterygium surgery of 15 patients who underwent the bare-sclera procedure and 10 normal conjunctivae were studied. All of these pterygia were primary ones. Recurrent pterygia were excluded. Normal bulbar conjunctivas (2 x 2 mm) were obtained from the nasal region close to the limbus from patients during their cataract and retina surgeries. Immunohistochemical detection of Hsp90 and Ki67 was done using the streptavidin–biotin method in paraffin embedded tissue sections.ResultsThe percentage of cells stained for Hsp90 was greater for pterygium epithelium (76 ± 10.8) than for normal conjunctiva (1.4 ± 0.8). In each pterigyum sample more than 60% of cells were positive. The differences in positive cells between normal and pterigyum epithelium were highly significant for Hsp90 (P < 0,001).Pterygium epithelium also showed a higher percentage of cells that stained for Ki67 (10.1 ± 9.5) than for normal conjunctiva (2.1 ± 1.9). The differences in positive cells were also statistically significant for Ki67 (P < 0.01). Although there were significant differences in the majority of samples observed. It was noted that in some samples there was no difference between normal and pterygium epithelium for Ki67.ConclusionOur results indicate an abnormal expression of Hsp90 and ki-67 in pterygium samples when compared to normal conjunctiva.The finding of abnormal expression of levels of Hsp90 in pterygium samples can stimulate new research into pterygium and its recurrence.Virtual SlidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1128478792898812