The antecedents and outcomes of feelings of job-related stress and personal achievement were studied in a large sample of consultant doctors working in Scotland. In a sample of 333 doctors it was found that a tendency to use emotion-oriented coping strategies and negative appraisals of organizational changes in the practice of medicine mediated the effect of the personality dimension of Neuroticism on reported job stress. Job stress levels predicted the degree of 'burnout' experienced by doctors, i.e. their tendencies to be emotionally exhausted by their work and to dehumanize patients. Higher clinical workloads were related to higher levels of stress but also to higher feelings of personal achievement. A substantial proportion of the variance in many of the variables in the stress model was accounted for by a general tendency to experience negative emotions, closely related to Neuroticism; this general factor appeared to be similar to the recently formulated concepts of 'negative affectivity' and 'somatopsychic distress'. The personality factors of Extraversion and Conscientiousness both contributed to positive feelings of personal achievement (N = 344); the effect of Extraversion was direct, whereas the effect of Conscientiousness was mediated by a tendency to use task-oriented coping strategies. Models of the processes of stress and personal achievement were tested for acceptability using the EQS Structural Equations Program. The implications of the models for transactional theories of stress are discussed.
Objectives-The objectives of this study were to assess the work demands as potential stressors of health service consultants, and to describe the development of tools for measuring stress experiences of consultants. Thus for consultants, in common with other health care workers, work "may favour psychic well being" but "may also prove psychically deleterious owing to the individual's own traits, to the working environment, to the nature of the job itself."4 This may be partly explained by the classification of consultants' jobs as being of high demand and (generally) high decision latitude." If specific occupational stressors could be identified, corrective strategies might be useful for doctors and patients alike.Our objectives were firstly to identify, and where necessary develop and devise appropriate self reporting tools for measuring the work demands and stress of consultants, and secondly to apply these tools to find a baseline of important stressors and to study their underlying structure. Reference is made to other reports'213 studying the same sample which deals also with underlying personality traits and coping strategies. Methods GENERAL TOOLSA literature review did not uncover tools that were adequate and specific on their own to assess the work demands or perceived stressors of NHS consultants but several potential stressors were listed. To assess the relevance of these stressors and to highlight others a qualitative approach was used, and 36 consultants selected from a range of specialties in south east Scotland were invited to attend focused group discussions. Of these 26 took part. They were divided between six groups, each headed by one of the first three authors.As a result the following questionnaires were devised:(1) A demographic questionnaire. This requested information including age, sex, marital status, speciality, type of hospital, and years employed. It enquired about the NHS contractual and actual sessional workloads, as well as non-NHS sessions.(2) The consultants work demands scale. This was assessed through visual analogue responses to information about the characteristics of the consultants' work demands. As the job title and department alone were not considered adequate descriptions of the nature of the work and hence of the exposures under study, it asked about differential aspects of the actual work. This would enable, through 217 on 8 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.
Neurological, electroencephalographic, and virological findings in febrile children. Investigations were made of 78 febrile children, 53 with fits and 25 without fits. 53 % of the children with fits had viral illnesses. Severe fits were commoner in these children than in those with negative viral findings. Permanent neurological damage and prolonged EEG abnormalities were found significantly more often in children with, than in those without, viral disease, whether or not fits had occurred. The long-term implications are discussed. In addition to viral agents already described as causing neurological complications, the following organisms were found in association with central nervous system disorder: adenovirus 7, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza 2, and C. burnetii (Q fever).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.