Methods do exist for including valuable information from two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials into quantitative reviews. However, poor reporting of cross-over trials will often impede attempts to perform a meta-analysis using the available methods.

Objective To review systematically the evidence for an effect of long chain and shorter chain omega 3 fatty acids on total mortality, cardiovascular events, and cancer. Data sources Electronic databases searched to February 2002; authors contacted and bibliographies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) checked to locate studies. Review methods Review of RCTs of omega 3 intake for ≥ 6 months in adults (with or without risk factors for cardiovascular disease) with data on a relevant outcome. Cohort studies that estimated omega 3 intake and related this to clinical outcome during at least 6 months were also included. Application of inclusion criteria, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed independently in duplicate. Results Of 15 159 titles and abstracts assessed, 48 RCTs (36 913 participants) and 41 cohort studies were analysed. The trial results were inconsistent. The pooled estimate showed no strong evidence of reduced risk of total mortality (relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.03) or combined cardiovascular events (0.95, 0.82 to 1.12) in participants taking additional omega 3 fats. The few studies at low risk of bias were more consistent, but they showed no effect of omega 3 on total mortality (0.98, 0.70 to 1.36) or cardiovascular events (1.09, 0.87 to 1.37). When data from the subgroup of studies of long chain omega 3 fats were analysed separately, total mortality (0.86, 0.70 to 1.04; 138 events) and cardiovascular events (0.93, 0.79 to 1.11) were not clearly reduced. Neither RCTs nor cohort studies suggested increased risk of cancer with a higher intake of omega 3 (trials: 1.07, 0.88 to 1.30; cohort studies: 1.02, 0.87 to 1.19), but clinically important harm could not be excluded. Conclusion Long chain and shorter chain omega 3 fats do not have a clear effect on total mortality, combined cardiovascular events, or cancer.

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Introduction: tissue loss due to carious processes is usually resolved with restorations, requiring abundant patient collaboration in oral hygiene. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral hygiene motivational talks addressed to parents or guardians of children aged 5 to 8 years on the duration of composite resins over 24 months. Methods: a prospective descriptive study was conducted in 31 children and their parents or guardians meeting the inclusion criteria. The parents and guardians were trained in oral hygiene techniques, and the participating children's cavitated teeth were restored with composite resin, providing dental cleaning devices every 6 months during the study period. Clinical evaluations were performed every 6 months during the study period, evaluating the deterioration of restorations and the presence of visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding (GBI). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis and Student t-test through the STATA software. Results: there was a close relationship between oral hygiene indexes (p = 0,2019 for VPI and p = 0,6243 for GBI) and the deterioration of restorations, especially those involving proximal sides. Survival analysis showed that failure is lower in the presence of nearby caries (42.9%), with p values of 0.0045 for the occlusal-distal surface and 0.0291 for the occlusal-mesial one. Conclusion: the oral hygiene motivational talks addressed to parents or guardians of participating children influence the durability of composite resins.

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This is a repository copy of Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health.

Analysis 8.3. Comparison 8 Unknown or other action versus manual toothbrushes, Outcome 3 Gingival scores >3 months at all sites..

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment.