Viral hepatitis B has been classified as being a prevalent infection that is caused by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), resulting in acute and chronic liver diseases globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of people exposed to the Hepatitis B virus is about 2 billion global population and two hundred and forty million of the world population are chronic carriers. This work is on screening of blood for possible hepatitis B infection among the donors at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, to determine the prevalence of such cases. The study was conducted from August 2021 through January 2022 at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. Two hundred (200) adults that were voluntary blood donors in the age range of 20 to 50 years old were selected for the study. And, two mililitres of blood samples were collected from each donor using vacutainer tubes and allowed to clot at 25 °C. A 50 µl serum of each blood sample was then pipetted from the vacutainer tube for analysis using the Lab ACON HBsAg Test strip. Positive samples to the HBsAg Test strip were further tested, using the primary confirmatory test: Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) using the ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay. Twenty-seven samples originally tested positive for HBsAg, and twenty-two were confirmed HBsAg-positive using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), giving an overall prevalence of 11%, this being considered greater than the threshold of 7 % rated as HBsAg in an adult population, the study sample indicated an endemic population.
The benefits of planning a reliable and effective ambulance and emergency service for healthcare delivery are an indicator of sustainable development. This study assessed the impact of ambulance usage on the conveyance of accident victims in the Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (LASEMA). Simple random sampling was used to sample respondents from the Agency. A total of fifty (50) structured questionnaires were administered to respondents. The questionnaire consists of twenty-one items and was prepared in such a way that it contains all the items under the survey. A simple frequency table was employed to analyze the data obtained. The research revealed that 62 % of the respondents were male and 38 % female while about 42 % accounted for insufficient ambulance vehicles which made the ambulance and emergency services not effective and efficient due to poor planning. Other factors include poor telecommunication service, negative perception that ambulances carry dead bodies, the demand for payment before patients are transported by ambulances, high cost of fuel, shortage of ambulances and the patients’ renege to fulfil an agreed bills and services. At a significant level of 0.05 using Pearson Correlation, Ho calculated (0.630) was less than H1 tabulated (1) and it was inferred that the positive impact of ambulance usage by accident victims can help promote sustainable ambulance usage and good healthcare delivery. The study concluded that public education on ambulance and emergency services will help rid of false perceptions.
Viral hepatitis B has been classified as being a prevalent infection that is caused by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), resulting in acute and chronic liver diseases globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of people exposed to the Hepatitis B virus is about 2 billion global population and two hundred and forty million of the world population are chronic carriers. This work is on screening of blood for possible hepatitis B infection among the donors at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, to determine the prevalence of such cases. The study was conducted from August 2021 through January 2022 at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. Two hundred (200) adults that were voluntary blood donors in the age range of 20 to 50 years old were selected for the study. And, two mililitres of blood samples were collected from each donor using vacutainer tubes and allowed to clot at 25 °C. A 50 µl serum of each blood sample was then pipetted from the vacutainer tube for analysis using the Lab ACON HBsAg Test strip. Positive samples to the HBsAg Test strip were further tested, using the primary. confirmatory test: Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) using the ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay. Twenty-seven samples originally tested positive for HBsAg, and twenty-two were confirmed HBsAg-positive using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), giving an overall prevalence of 11%, this being considered greater than the threshold of 7 % rated as HBsAg in an adult population, the study sample indicated an endemic population.
This study assessed the incidence of malaria and typhoid infection among adult residents in Idirokotaking from October 2020-October 2021. The study used retrospective analyses of relevant information indicating malaria and typhoid infections among adult residents in Idiroko at the health information department of the state hospital, Idiroko, Ogun State. The data were analyzed statistically and the empirical values were represented. One thousand and eight hundred and ten cases of incidence of malaria, typhoid and their co-infection were extracted for the study, 601(33.2%) cases indicated for malaria only, 433(23.9%) cases for typhoid only and 776 (42.9%) cases had an incidence of malaria and typhoid as co-infections. There is no significant association between increasing age and positivity to the malaria parasite in this study. Female respondents 341(18.8%) were more infected with malaria parasite than the males 260(14.4%) as elucidated by the study. Although the difference observed was not statistically significant. A high prevalence (24%) of Salmonella typhi infections was recorded and the study showed an infection rate was higher in females 322(17.6%) than males 111(6.1%). In comparison, malaria and typhoid as co-infection were higher in females 539(29.8%) than males 237(13.1%). In conclusion, the incidence of malaria and typhoid infection and, co-infection among the adult residents in the Idiroko area of Ogun State is significantly high. To reduce the incidence of typhoid fever and malaria as co-infection, it is necessary to discourage people from taking junk food, maintain adequate personal, and environmental sanitation and prevent mosquito bites through the use of the medicated net.
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