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RESUMOApesar de o Brasil se destacar como um dos principais produtores mundiais de mamão, ainda existe um reduzido número de linhagens/híbridos disponíveis para comercialização. O presente trabalho objetivou selecionar linhagens entre e dentro de progênies em uma população segregante de mamoeiro para avanço das autofecundações. Originalmente a população foi desenvolvida via retrocruzamento objetivando a incorporação (característica Golden) para tolerância à mancha fisiológica nos genitores do híbrido UENF/CALIMAN01, motivo pelo qual foi utilizado um índice de seleção denominado IG2 amparado nos valores genotípicos individuais obtidos via modelos mistos, pelo procedimento REML/BLUP. O resultado da análise permitiu selecionar oito progênies que segregaram para a característica "tipo Golden": 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 19, 18 e 12; dentro das progênies as plantas apresentaram valores superiores de ganho e média predita em relação às testemunhas (JS12, SS72/12 e Golden) para as seguintes características: altura de inserção do primeiro fruto, firmeza da polpa e do fruto e produção. Foram selecionadas 20 plantas com a característica "tipo Golden" visando ao avanço de geração de autofecundação e retrocruzamento. Palavras-chave:Carica papaya L., índice de seleção, REML/BLUP Mixed model for combining selection in segregate progeny of papaya ABSTRACT Although Brazil stands out as a leading global producer of papaya still exists a small number of lines/hybrids available for its cultivation. To obtain new cultivars it is necessary to direct efforts towards the identification and selection of superior genotypes and broadening the genetic basis of the species. This study aimed to select lines between and within families in a segregating population of papaya for advancement of self pollination and backcross. Originally the backcross population aimed the introgression of the physiological disturb (Golden type) into the UENF/CALIMAN01 genitors. For this a selection index named IG2 was used supported in individual genotypic values obtained through mixed models by REML/BLUP. Analysis of results permitted selection of eight progenies and segregated for the trait "Golden Type": 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 18 and 12. The selected genotypes within each progeny showed higher values of gain and predicted average than the controls (JS12, SS72/12 and Golden) for the following characteristics: height of insertion of the first fruit, firmness of fruit and production. Twenty plants e selected with the characteristic "Golden Type" for the advancement of generation of selfing and backcross.

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ABSTRACT.We examined the effect of incorporation of molecular markers on variability between and within populations in order to maximize heterotic effects and longevity of a maize reciprocal recurrent selection program. Molecular variability was quantified by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers between and within the maize populations Cimmyt and Piranão in the 10th cycle of a reciprocal recurrent selection program. Forty-two S 1 progenies of each population were analyzed, these being families of full-sibs selected according to their agronomic traits. Thirteen primers were selected, which produced 140 bands; 114 of them were polymorphic and 26 monomorphic. Based on UPGMA grouping analysis and by genetic distances, it was possible to identify "contaminant" progenies. These progenies belong to the Piranão or Cimmyt groups, but cluster in the opposite heterotic group. Identification of "contaminant" progenies is relevant for selection, because, besides identifying genotypes that should be eliminated at the recombination stage, it allows increased heterosis expression in crosses between more genetically distinct individuals. After the elimination of the "contaminant" progenies and those that were allocated between the heterotic groups, a new statistical analysis was carried out, which demonstrated increased genetic distances

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Manual phenotyping for papaya Carica papaya (L) breeding purposes limits the evaluation of a great number of plants and hampers selection of superior genotypes. This study aimed to validate two methodologies for the phenotyping of morpho-agronomic plant traits using image analysis and fruit traits through image processing. In plants of the 'THB' variety and 'UENF/ Caliman-01' hybrid two images (A and B) were analyzed to estimate commercial and irregularly shaped fruits. Image A was also used in the estimation of plant height, stem diameter and the first fruit insertion height. In 'THB' fruits, largest and smallest diameters, length, and volume were estimated by using a caliper and image processing (IP). Volume was obtained by water column displacement (WCD) and by the expression of ellipsoid approximation (EA). Correlations above 0.85 between manual and image measurements were obtained for all traits. The averages of the morpho-agronomic traits, estimated by using images, were similar when compared to the averages measured manually. In addition, the errors of the proposed methodologies were low compared to manual phenotyping. Bland-Altman's approach indicated agreement between the volume estimated by WCD and EA using caliper and IP. The strong association obtained between volume and fruit weight suggests the use of regression to estimate this trait. Thus, the expectation is that image-based phenotyping can be used to expand the experiments, thereby maintaining accuracy and providing greater genetic gains in the selection of superior genotypes.