Aims Vegetation classification consistent with the Braun‐Blanquet approach is widely used in Europe for applied vegetation science, conservation planning and land management. During the long history of syntaxonomy, many concepts and names of vegetation units have been proposed, but there has been no single classification system integrating these units. Here we (1) present a comprehensive, hierarchical, syntaxonomic system of alliances, orders and classes of Braun‐Blanquet syntaxonomy for vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen, and algal communities of Europe; (2) briefly characterize in ecological and geographic terms accepted syntaxonomic concepts; (3) link available synonyms to these accepted concepts; and (4) provide a list of diagnostic species for all classes. Location European mainland, Greenland, Arctic archipelagos (including Iceland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya), Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Caucasus, Cyprus. Methods We evaluated approximately 10 000 bibliographic sources to create a comprehensive list of previously proposed syntaxonomic units. These units were evaluated by experts for their floristic and ecological distinctness, clarity of geographic distribution and compliance with the nomenclature code. Accepted units were compiled into three systems of classes, orders and alliances (EuroVegChecklist, EVC) for communities dominated by vascular plants (EVC1), bryophytes and lichens (EVC2) and algae (EVC3). Results EVC1 includes 109 classes, 300 orders and 1108 alliances; EVC2 includes 27 classes, 53 orders and 137 alliances, and EVC3 includes 13 classes, 24 orders and 53 alliances. In total 13 448 taxa were assigned as indicator species to classes of EVC1, 2087 to classes of EVC2 and 368 to classes of EVC3. Accepted syntaxonomic concepts are summarized in a series of appendices, and detailed information on each is accessible through the software tool EuroVegBrowser. Conclusions This paper features the first comprehensive and critical account of European syntaxa and synthesizes more than 100 yr of classification effort by European phytosociologists. It aims to document and stabilize the concepts and nomenclature of syntaxa for practical uses, such as calibration of habitat classification used by the European Union, standardization of terminology for environmental assessment, management and conservation of nature areas, landscape planning and education. The presented classification systems provide a baseline for future development and revision of European syntaxonomy.

Abstract. This is the 3rd edition of the Code of phytosociological nomenclature, prepared by the Nomenclature Commission of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS) and the Fédération Internationale de Phytosociologie (FIP) on the basis of the 2nd edition. The Code consists of a series of definitions, principles, rules and recommendations which will facilitate the proper use of syntaxonomical names for the denomination of syntaxonomical units.

The 4th edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN) was prepared by the Steering Committee of the IAVS Working Group for Phytosociological Nomenclature (GPN). The edition consists of 14 Definitions, 7 Principles, 53 Articles, and 7 Appendices. When compared with the previous edition, the main amendments are (1) the acceptance of electronic publications (Art. 1), (2) the introduction of binding decisions (Definition XIV, Principle II, Articles 1, 2b, 3c, 29b, 40, 42, 44, Appendices VI and VII), (3) the mandatory use of the English or the Latin terminology for syntaxonomic novelties (Definition II, Principle II, Articles 3d and 3i), (4) the introduction of autonyms for the main ranks when the corresponding secondary ranks are created (Articles 13b and 24), (5) the automatic correction of the taxon names (name-giving taxa) used in the names of syntaxa in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (Article 44), (6) the possibility to mutate the name of a syntaxon in using another correct, alternative name for the name-giving taxa (Article 45), (7) the Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved introduction of inadequate names, a new category of rejected names (Definition V, Articles 43 through 45), and (8) the introduction of a conserved type (Definition XIII, Article 53). The 4th edition of ICPN was approved by the GPN on

No abstract

Great mathematicians write for the future and Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826–66) was one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Edited by Heinrich Martin Weber, with assistance from Richard Dedekind, this edition of his collected works in German first appeared in 1876. Riemann's interests ranged from pure mathematics to mathematical physics. He wrote a short paper on number theory which provided the key to the prime number theorem, and his zeta hypothesis has given mathematicians the most famous of today's unsolved problems. Moreover, his famous 1854 lecture 'On the hypotheses which underlie geometry' set in motion studies which culminated in Einstein's general theory of relativity. Even Riemann's over-optimistic use of the Dirichlet principle to prove the conformal mapping theorem turned out to be immensely fruitful. The alert reader will further profit from finding here the seeds of modern distribution theory, algebraic topology and measure theory.