In the part 1 of this research, some useful turbulence models presented. In that part advantages of those turbulence models has been gathered. In the next, numerical details and procedure of solution are presented in details. By use of different turbulence models, it has been found that Spallart-Allmaras predicted the lowest value of heat transfer coefficient; in contrast, RSM1 has projected the more considerable results compared with other models; besides, it has been proven that the two-equation models prominently taken lesser time than RSM model. Eventually, the RNG2 model has been introduced as the optimized model of this research; moreover.
Geological restrictions and the low energy density of compressed air energy storage (CAES) plants constitute a technical and economic barrier to the enablement of variable and intermittent sustainable sources of energy production. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) and pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) systems offer a promising pathway for increasing the share of renewable energy in the supply mix. PTES remains under development while LAES suffers from low liquefaction unit efficiency, although it is at a higher technology readiness level (TRL) than PTES. The most significant element of large-scale EES is related to the discharge features of the power plants, especially the energy storage unit. Here, a novel multi-aspect equation, based on established codes and thermodynamic principles, is developed to quantify the required storage capacity to meet demand consistent with the design parameters and operational limitations of the system. An important conclusion of the application of the multi-aspect equation shows that liquid air storage systems instead of compressed air would reduce the space required for storage by 35 times. Finally, a cost equation was introduced as a function of the required storage volume. Calculations have demonstrated that the use of the novel cost equation, in lieu of the old one-aspect cost equation, for an LAES power plant with a production capacity of about 50 MW makes the costs of installing liquid air storage tanks against the total expenditure of the power plant about six times higher than what was reported in earlier research.
Nowadays, many researchers works in fluid dynamics has been concentrated on determine the suitable turbulent model for better describing the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics in a specific problem, there are a lot of cases which are necessary about designation of an optimized turbulent model. In the present work, a ribbed roughened square duct has been investigated numerically. A two-dimensionally study has been done to evaluate the flow structure, heat transfer and computational efforts of seven turbulent RANS models, contemporaneously. In the Part 1 of this study turbulence models, which are used in these type of problems has been investigated. In the next, advantages of introduced turbulence models has been present and explained. The results of numerical simulations will be presented in the Part 2.
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