A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oBrassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-initiating steroidal compound found in pollen, seeds, and young vegetative tissues throughout the plant kingdom. Brassinosteroids (BRs) collectively refers to naturally-occurring 5α cholestane steroids that elicit growth stimulation in nano-or micromolar concentrations. BRs that are biosynthesized using sterols as precursors are structurally similar to the cholesterol-derived, human steroid hormones and insect molting hormones. BRs have been known for decades to be effective in plant growth promotion. However, definitive evidence for their roles in growth and development remained unclear until the recent characterization of BR dwarf mutants isolated from Arabidopsis and other plants. This review inspects essential role of BRs in diverse developmental programs, including cell expansion, vascular differentiation, etiolation, and reproductive development. Current improvements regarding BR-regulated gene expression and signal transduction are also discussed.
Ovarian cysts are common, and are usually less than 4cm. A giant cyst in one which is more than 10cm. Giant cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary are
less frequently described. Most of the ovarian carcinomas are of serous type and only 3-4% are of mucinous type. Ovarian mucinous tumors consist
of benign, borderline, and carcinomatous tumors. Giant cysts require resection because of compressive symptoms and/or risk of malignancy and
their management invariably requires laparotomy to prevent perforation and spillage of the cyst uid into peritoneal cavity. Here, we present a case
of an 18 year old female with rapidly progressing abdominal distension and vague abdominal pain. Along with clinical evaluation and lab
investigations she was subjected to imaging which included Ultrasonography and MR Imaging. She underwent exploratory laparotomy for
excision of the cystic mass. On histopathological examination, mass was found to be mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with low malignant potential.
The main aim of this report is to draw attention to huge ovarian epithelial cysts with unsuspected presentation contributing to any underdiagnosis,
misdiagnosis, and mismanagement that might occur.
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