This study applies the Family FIRO model, one of interpersonal dynamics and change, to family businesses (specifically, to family farming couples). It empirically tests the developmental sequence of three dimensions of the model: inclusion, control, and integration. Findings indicate that both a sense of inclusion in a family business and the manner in which control issues are managed have important influences on family business integration. Because inclusion predicts control dynamics, effective control may not be diminished without adequate levels of inclusion. The study offers practitioners a theory‐based approach to working with the complex dynamics within family businesses. Family businesses will remain more resilient in times of change if the leaders understand and reassess patterns of inclusion when change is initiated.
Research using retrospective or cross-sectional data suggests that suicidal ideation rates peak during mid-adolescence. This study used a longitudinal, community sample of adolescents who reported suicidal ideation repeatedly over 7 years to examine suicidal ideation trends. We hypothesized that a mid-adolescence peak in ideation is limited to adolescents exposed to friends' or family members' suicidality. Ideation trends were compared across groups exposed and not exposed to others' suicidality and statistically assessed using growth curve analyses. Overall, ideation rates peaked at age 15 years. Group comparisons revealed that the peak was limited to adolescents whose parents reported suicidality.
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