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Robot-assisted surgery in rectal cancer showed TME quality comparable with that of laparoscopic surgery, and it demonstrated similar postoperative morbidity, bowel function recovery, and quality of life.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. However, it is common for such patients to develop resistance to 5-FU, and this drug resistance becomes a critical problem for chemotherapy. The mechanisms underlying this resistance are largely unknown. To screen for proteins possibly responsible for 5-FU resistance, cells resistant to 5-FU were derived from human colon cancer cell lines and twodimensional gel electrophoresis-based comparative proteomics was done. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis data showed there was lower expression of the A subunit of mitochondrial F 1 F 0 -ATP synthase (ATP synthase) in 5-FUresistant cells compared with parent cells. Western blotting showed that expression of other ATP synthase complex subunits was also lower in 5-FU-resistant cell lines and that these resistant cells also showed decreased ATP synthase activity and reduced intracellular ATP content. The ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin A, strongly antagonized 5-FUinduced suppression of cell proliferation. When 5-FU sensitivity was compared with ATP synthase activity in six different human colon cancer cell lines, a positive correlation has been found. Furthermore, suppressed ATP synthase d-subunit expression by siRNA transfection increased cell viability in the presence of 5-FU. Bioenergetic dysfunction of mitochondria has been reported as a hallmark of many types of cancers (i.e., down-regulation of ATP synthase B-subunit expression in liver, kidney, colon, squamous oesophageal, and lung carcinomas, as well as in breast and gastric adenocarcinomas). Our findings show that ATP synthase down-regulation may not only be a bioenergetic signature of colorectal carcinomas but may also lead to cellular events responsible for 5-FU resistance. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(8): 3162-70)

FDG PET exhibits good specificity for LN staging of gastric cancer, and FDG uptake in the primary tumour is significantly related to the accuracy of FDG PET. Despite some clear limitations, FDG PET proved useful in the LN staging of FDG-avid gastric cancer.

Microarray gene expression analysis was successfully used to predict complete responses to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced rectal cancer.

In our study, lateral pelvic recurrence was a major cause of locoregional recurrence, and ypN+ and lateral lymph node size were risk factors for lateral pelvic recurrence.

Grade 3, angiolymphatic invasion, budding, and the absence of BGA are the risk factors that predict LNM in patients with T1 CRC. In cases where endoscopically resected T1 CRC has no risk factor, cautious follow-up could be recommended. However, if the tumor has any risk factor, additional surgical resection should be considered.