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Several measures have been developed for the quantification of emotional intelligence. One widely applied method is the Assessing Emotions Scale, whose factor structure has attracted much scientific attention. The objective of the present study was to identify which of the previously suggested models are the most appropriate. By applying confirmatory factor analysis, we have tested the original one-, three-, four-, and six-factor solutions. Results confirmed the three-factor structure to be the most suitable solution. We suggest that the factors in this structure are better described by the labels "appraisal of emotions," "optimism and regulation of emotions," and "intrapersonal and interpersonal utilization of emotions." Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.

The history of gambling in post-socialist countries is noticeably different from that of other countries in Europe. The goal of this study was therefore twofold: Firstly, to systematically review all European epidemiological studies related to excessive gambling in the general adult population, and secondly, to provide an overview of the state of gambling in Hungary based on the first ever nationwide representative survey, setting the results against the backdrop of the earlier European studies. A systematic review was carried out of European gambling studies which focus on a representative adult general population. Hungarian data was obtained from the National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary general adult population survey (N = 2,710). Pathological gambling was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Lifetime prevalence of excessive gambling (problem and pathological gambling) in the general adult population of European countries varies between 1.1% (Italy and Spain) and 6.5% (Estonia). In Hungary, the prevalence of problem gambling is 1.9%, with pathological gambling at 1.4%. The socio-demographic characteristics of the results are similar to those of other European countries. Using epidemiological data from the general adult populations of two post-socialist nations, it was possible to compare the results with data from 12 other European countries. Based on the data available, the extremely rapid liberation of the gambling market in the post-socialist countries has led to a similarly swift escalation in associated gambling problems.

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Research on basic human motives (achievement, affiliation, and power) encoded at the emotional level recently returned to the forefront of scientific research. To date, there are only a few studies on the pattern of implicit motives of substance users, so the present study examined opiate users participating in methadone maintenance treatment (N = 80) along these dimensions, comparing them to 40 non-substance users. Participants were asked to create stories on the basis of the pictures of the Thematic Apperception Test. The stories were analyzed using the content analysis method of David Winter (1991). Like other substance user groups, opiate-dependent persons used less achievement and more affiliation notions in creating stories, while there was no significant difference between the two groups concerning power notions. The results proved to be independent of the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms, despite substance users reporting higher levels of these, and suggest that motivational factors are worth considering in treatment planning.

Háttér: Az érzelmi intelligencia jelenségének kutatásában kiemelt fontossággal bírnak a konstruktum operacionalizálására irányuló törekvések. Az elmúlt két évtizedben számos, a jelenség mérésére alkalmas eszköz született a világon, amelyek többsége az észlelt érzelmi intelligencia szintjét térképezi fel. Az egyik széles körben alkalmazott módszer az Érzelmek Mérése Skála (Assessing Emotions Scale, AES; SCHUTTE, MALOUFF és munkatársai, 1998), amelynek faktorstruktúrája azonban tisztázatlan. A szerzők által eredetileg javasolt egyfaktoros szerkezetet többen kritizálták többfaktoros megoldásokat javasolva. A mérőeszköz magyar verzióval eddig nem rendelkezett, mérési modelljét hazai környezetben még nem vizsgálták. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja a skála (AES-HU) hazai adaptálása volt, valamint annak vizsgálata, hogy az eddig javasolt modellek közül melyik illeszkedik a legmegfelelőbben az empirikus adatokhoz. Módszer: Egy 702 fős hozzáférhetőségi mintán, megerősítő faktorelemzéssel vizsgáltuk az AES-HU skála egy-, három-, négy-, illetve hatfaktoros megoldásait. Eredmények: Eredményeink szerint a legmegfelelőbbnek egyértelműen a háromfaktoros modell bizonyult, annak ellenére, hogy az egy- és a négyfaktoros megoldást sem lehet végérvényesen elvetni. Diszkusszió: Az általunk megerősített háromfaktoros struktúra esetében új faktorelnevezéseket javaslunk. A faktorok szerkezetét jobban leírják ugyanis az „Érzelmek értékelése”, az „Optimizmus és érzelmek szabályozása”, illetve az „Érzelmek intraperszonális és interperszonális hasznosítása” elnevezések.

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