Aims: The research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of self-management in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted between 21 December 2020 and 1 April 2021. It was performed with 378 individuals with type 2 diabetes attending the endocrinology clinic and outpatients' department of a government hospital who agreed to participate in the research. In the collection of data, a Patient Identification Form, Visual Analog Scales (an Anxiety VAS and a Stress VAS), and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) were used. The Wilcoxon test, Independent Sample t test, One-Way Anova and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis of data. Results: The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) total mean score of the individuals with type 2 diabetes participating in the study during the COVID-19 pandemic was 5.25 ± 1.04. Their anxiety total mean score was 0.32 ± 1.56, and their total mean stress score was 7.06 ± 1.62. Being male, over the age of 65, married and having a diagnosis of diabetes for 6-11 years, increased smoking, the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced physical activity (not walking) and support obtained from health professionals, and increased anxiety and stress levels were found to be risk factors affecting diabetic self-management. Conclusions: The findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on the selfmanagement levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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Inappropriate drug use is a significant challenge both around the globe and in our country. Potential teratogenicity of these drugs, their impact on the fetus and newborn, and finally the long-term effects that may be observed in the child should be taken into consideration especially when planning the use of drugs in pregnant women since the active ingredients in the drug and its metabolites can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta and cause negative consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the knowledge levels and attitudes of pregnant women towards rational drug use. Pregnant women (n=414) who agreed to participate in the study and were hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics of Mardin State Hospital and Kızıltepe District State Hospital between 01.12.2018-01.02.2019 were included in this descriptive study. The data were collected by face-to-face interview technique through a questionnaire. The total mean scores of the Rational Drug Use (RDU) scale of pregnant women were found to be 32.43 ± 6.37. It was revealed that painkillers were the most frequently used drugs during pregnancy (with the rate of 71.0%) and most prescribed to be spared at home (with the rate of 86.9%). In addition, one of every two pregnant women held the opinion that they used analgesics uncontrolledly and 34.5% of the pregnant women used antibiotics in such an uncontrolled way. The rate of pregnant women who were prescribed medication to be spared at home was found to be 33.6%. A significant difference was found between RDU scale scores and socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Again, a statistically significant difference was found between the rate of drug use in the household where pregnant women live (34.8%) and the residential distance from the health institution (p

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Conscience and empathy are emotional factors affecting the caregiving levels of nurses. This research aims to determine perceptions of conscience of nursing students, according to their empathy levels. Descriptive, cross-sectional, and descriptive research designs are used in this research conducted on nursing students in third and fourth grades studying at nursing departments of two State Universities in the east of Turkey. 376 students studying in the third and fourth grades of nursing departments of the mentioned two universities, formed the population of the research. The study has been completed with 286 students accepting to participate in the research, without forming a sample group. Data have been gathered through the Student Identification Data Sheet, Empathy Quotient (EQ), and Perception of Conscience Questionnaire (PCQ). The research determined that the average age of the students was 22.43 ±1.96, 61,1% were female, 94,7% were single, 65,3% were living in cities, 50,6 %were attending a state university, 60,4% freely chose their profession and 42,8% made their choices because of family pressure. The average total EQ points of the participants are 2.76±0.66 and the average of total PCQ points is 62.52±12.87. The research determined that there is a medium-level meaningful correlation positively, between averages of total and subscale points (p<0.001) of EQ and PCQ. It also determined that there is a medium-level meaningful correlation positively, between averages of total and subscale points of social skills and cognitive empathy subscales, along with PCQ total and subscale points (p<0.05). A medium-level meaningful correlation in a positive way, between averages of emotional reaction subscales along with PCQ total and sensitivity subscale points, has also been determined (p<0.001). This research has put forward average of EQ and PCQ points of the students, were at medium level. The research has also determined that consciousness perception increased parallel to an increase in empathy levels.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of theoretical and practical nursing education carried out by distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic and the theory-practice gap in nursing education in Turkey. Methods: This qualitative study used a descriptive qualitative study. This research was conducted with nursing lecturers and students from two universities in two different geographical regions. Lecturers and undergraduate students participated in the research. The data for the research were collected using the online Zoom program during four focus-group discussions. Results: Three main themes emerged for the categories of theoretical and practical education emerged during the study: strong structural conditions (technological integration and accessibility) both strong and weak structural conditions (asynchronous participation and changing comfort levels/routines) and weak structural conditions (cold contact and inequality of opportunity). Conclusion: This study revealed the strengths and weaknesses in the experience of distance nursing education and will guide future planning of nursing education programs and clinical fields.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of fear of COVID-19 in patients and clinical nurses on night nursing care. This was a cross-sectional study. The research sample consisted of 604 patients and 270 clinical nurses selected by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected between August 2021 and July 2022 using a Patients’ Information form, a Nurse’s Information form, the Fear of COVID-19 scale, and the Night Nursing Care instrument. No significant difference was found between the total mean scores of the patients and the nurses on the Fear of COVID-19 scale or the Night Nursing Care instrument (rho = –0.017 , p = .702; rho = –0.020, p = .741). It was found that patients’ and nurses’ fears of COVID-19 did not affect their perceptions of night nursing care.