In this article the author explains what is called 'phenomenological approach' in the study of religion. Starting from Husserl's philosophy of phenomenology, the author tracing its influences in social science through one of Husserl's students, Alfred Schutz. Based on Husserl's ideas developed by Schutz, the author presents his views how those ideas can be applied in the study of religion, and how religion can be defined phenomenologically. The author further explains some methodological ethical implications of doing phenomenological research on religion. ***Dalam tulisan ini penulis menjelaskan apa yang disebut 'pendekatan fenomenologi' dalam kajian agama. Berangkat dari filsafat fenomenologi Husserl, penulis melacak pengaruhnya pada ilmu sosial melalui salah seorang murid Husserl, Alfred Schultz. Berdasarkan ide Husserl yang dikembangkan oleh Schultz, penulis menyajikan pandangannya bagaimana ide-ide itu dapat diterapkan dalam kajian agama, dan bagaimana agama dapat didefinisikan secara fenomenologis. Penulis selanjutnya menjelaskan beberapa implikasi etis metodologis jika melakukan kajian fenomenologis terhadap agama.
This article discusses the directive speech acts contained in tembang dolanan. Using a pragmatic approach, particularly the framework of speech act theory, this article analyzes the different types of directive speech acts, the context which it embodies, and the level of decency. The data used in this research consisted of various tembang dolanan that contain directive statements. These data were analyzed using interpretation and inference by presenting it in the form of descriptive analysis. Descriptive analysis is meant to describe, systematically illustrating or elaborating the facts and relationships between phenomena. In the dolanan song, directive speech acts can be expressed directly or indirectly. Direct expression is conventionally used to rule, invite, and forward, while indirect expression is used when instead of by a command line, the intention is ruled by statement sentences, obligation-stating sentences, and questions. The use of direct speech acts generally does not have the value of politeness because they tend to still contain elements of coercion, have no effort to obscure the form of an order, and show the superiority of the speakers. On the other hand, the use of indirect speech acts seems to be an attempt to obscure the commandments to be more polite in the hope opponents would happily respond to commands.
Worldviews are an important part of human life because they illustrate the ways people think and act. This article aims to review studies conducted by scholars, definitions of the term "worldview", and scientists' explorations of worldviews, and to examine how such categories may be applied to capture reality. This study concludes that worldviews have been the focus of intensive studies since the 1980s. Many scientists have defined the concept of "worldview" and attempted to explain its dynamics. Studies of worldviews can be grouped into several paradigms. Because of the extent of the study area, theoretically worldviews can be classified into several categories based on, for example, views of self and others, time, space, relationships, and causation. In reality, the worldview of a society can be seen in how members of the society live in relation to God, nature, people, and the environment. In examining the worldviews held in social reality, the specific categories mapped by scholars must be made congruent with the realities in the field, because sometimes these categories are interrelated and difficult to understand separately.
Rambu Solo ritual has been an inseparable part of the Toraja people for hundreds of years. Nevertheless, this luxurious funeral ritual had experienced various organic crises as new social forces emerged. Using ethnographic methods, this paper attempts to explore how traditional leaders of Toraja maintain the existence of this ritual. Using Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this article argues that their efforts were carried out in three phases. Firstly, political awareness phase, namely as aristocrat elites, they legitimized the feudal and religious authority of Aluk Todolo belief system that supported the Rambu Solo ritual through modern political strategies; secondly, the phase of solidarity of interests which carried out by negotiating and building commitment with social forces opposing the Rambu Solo ritual; and third, the phase of reaching consensus from the subaltern group is done by involving them in the Pasilaga Tedong betting, one of a series of Rambu Solo rituals where they see it as a medium to show empathy for grieving families rather than betting.
***Artikel ini membahas tentang makna al-Qur'an hidup dan bagaimana sebagai fenomena sosial bidaya al-Qur'an dapat dikaji secara antropologis. Al-Qur'an yang hidup di sini diinterpretasikan sebagai makna yang diberikan oleh masyarakat (Muslim maupun non-Muslim) terhadap al-Qur'an dan bagaimana makna ini diaktualisasikan dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Beberapa makna sosialnya akan dibahas di sini dan akan dijelaskan. Dengan cara seperti itu al-Qur'an hidup dapat dikaji secara antropologis, yaitu dengan perspektif akulturasi, difusi, fungsional, fungsional struktural, fenomenologi, dan hermeneutik atau interpretif.
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