Ipomoea reniformis Chaos is claimed in Indian traditional medical practice to be useful in the treatment of epilepsy and neurological disorders. In the present study, pretreatment effect of methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis on epilepsy and psychosis was evaluated in rodents using standard procedures. Besides evaluating epileptic and behavioral parameters, neurotransmitters such as Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) in epilepsy and in psychosis dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin contents in the rodent brain were estimated. The extract pretreatment reduced maximal electro shock; Isoniazid (INH) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures and also significantly inhibited the attenuation of brain GABA levels by INH and PTZ in mice. These results suggested that the observed beneficial effect in epilepsy may be by enhancing the GABAergic system. The test drug also inhibited the apomorphine induced climbing and stereotyped behavior and showed significantly reduced levels of brain dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin which may be due to blocking of central dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways or by enhancing the GABAergic system. The results obtained in present study suggest that the title plant possesses antiepileptic and antipsychotic activities in rodents.

Kelebihan asupan vitamin D pada mencit yang bunting dapat menyebabkan penurunan massa tulang janin. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian suplementasi vitamin D3 dosis tinggi dapat mengganggu kalsifikasi tulang femur janin mencit. Metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap dilakukan menggunakan lima ekor mencit jantan dan lima ekor mencit (Mus musculus L.) betina galur Swiss Webster berumur 8-12 minggu. Subjek penelitian adalah lima janin mencit dari hasil perkawinan yang hidup. Mencit dibagi ke dalam lima macam perlakuan yaitu KN (kontrol negatif), perlakuan A (13 IU vitamin D3), perlakuan B (13 IU vitamin D3), perlakuan C (13 IU vitamin D3), dan perlakuan D (13 IU vitamin D3). Mencit dikawinkan, kemudian diberi suplementasi sejak usia kebuntingan 11 hari. Pada usia kebuntingan 20 hari, mencit dikorbankan kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan Alizarin Red S terhadap janin. Parameter yang diuji adalah panjang tulang femur janin mencit yang mengalami kalsifikasi setelah diberi perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significance Different (LSD) dengan α=0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa janin mencit yang diberi vitamin D3 dosis tinggi (kelompok C dan D) memiliki panjang kalsifikasi tulang femur yang berbeda bermakna (p≤0,05) yaitu lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, kelompok A, dan kelompok B. Simpulan penelitian adalah pemberian vitamin D3 dosis tinggi menurunkan kalsifikasi tulang femur janin mencit.Kata Kunci: Janin, kalsifikasi tulang, vitamin D3

Oat contains beta-glucan fiber and olive oil contains unsaturated fatty acids which havebeen proven to decrease blood cholesterol. This research compared the effect between acombination of oatmeal and olive oil and each food as single intake in decreasing total bloodcholesterol and LDL cholesterol. We used 25 rats (Rattus norvegicus L.), divided them into fivegroups; negative control (KN), positive control (KP), olive oil group (KMZ), oatmeal group(KBG), and combination group (KMZ+KBG). The total blood cholesterol and LDL cholesterollevels were measured after 14 days of induction and after 28 days of treatment. Data wereanalyzed using one way ANOVA, continued with LSD test with α = 0.05. The result showedthere were 10.85%, 8.85% and 6.60% lower in total blood cholesterol level using KMZ+KBG,KMZ and KBG respectively and 13.85%, 9.33% ,and 8.80% lower in LDL cholesterol levelusing KMZ+KBG, KMZ and KBG respectively. ANOVA test showed a significant decrease ineach treatment. LSD test showed that there was a significant difference between KMZ+KBGcompared to KBG in total blood cholesterol and LDL lowering, but did not showed significantdifference compared to KMZ.Keywords: oatmeal, olive oil, total blood cholesterol, LDL