The study of type material and specimens ofA. gomesianaof several Brazilian spider collections offered us the possibility to redescribe this species and consider synonyms of the first one of the following:A. violacea,A. pugnax, andA. aurita.Acanthoscurria cunhaeandA. melanotheriaare consideredSpecies inquirendae, the types were not located, and the descriptions are not enough for identification of similar ones. We considered as valid only two species from the southeast of Brazil:A. paulensisandA. gomesiana. The distribution range ofA. gomesianais enhanced in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Some data on natural history and phenology are presented.
ABSTRACT.A new species of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892, T. aridai sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on three males and three females collected at the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil. Males can be distinguished from T. perp Guadanucci & Silva, 2012 by the palpal bulb with an inconspicous tegular basal projection, but presenting a very slender embolus with shorter keels not extending to the tip, and from T. nubilus Simon, 1892 by the tibial apophysis with two similarly sized branches, the prolateral one with a strong spine on the retrolateral margin. Females resemble T. nubilus by the aspect of the seminal receptacle but the constriction near the apex is less evident and apex shape is irregular. The new species represents the first record of Tmesiphantes from the Amazonian region, bringing the total number of species to eight. KEYWORDS.Brazilian Amazon rainforest, Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, spider, taxonomy, Theraphosinae. RESUMO. Uma nova espécie deTmesiphantes (Araneae, Theraphosidae) do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Uma nova espécie de Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892, T. aridai sp. nov., é descrita e ilustrada baseada em três machos e três fêmeas coletadas na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Santarém, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Os machos distinguem se de T. perp Guadanucci & Silva, 2012 pelo aspecto do palpo copulador com uma projeção tegular basal inconspícua, apresentando um êmbolo muito delgado, com quilhas mais curtas, não se estendendo até o ápice, e distinguem se de T. nubilus Simon, 1892 pela apófise tibial com dois ramos de tamanho semelhante, o prolateral com um forte espinho na margem retrolateral. As fêmeas se assemelham a T. nubilus pelo aspecto dos receptáculos seminais, porém com uma constrição menos evidente e formato do ápice irregular. A nova espécie representa o primeiro registro de Tmesiphantes para a região amazônica, elevando para oito o número de espécies conhecidas.
based on a female from Cabeceira do Paraguaçu, state of Bahia. BÜCHERL et al. (1971) redescribed N. fluminensis, presented an illustration of the male palpal bulb for the first time and observed that N. leonardosi was a juvenile specimen. RAVEN (1985) transferred Neodiplothele to Pycnothelinae (Nemesiidae) due to the presence of numerous keels on the bulb, small intercheliceral tumescence, absence of third tarsal claw and pseudosegmented tarsi of males. This transfer was rejected by GOLOBOFF (1995) who classified the genus back in Barychelidae, due to the well-developed claw tufts and tarsal claws without teeth, and included the genus in Sasoninae for sharing with Cosmopelma and Paracenobiopelma the presence of an intercheliceral tumescence and the bulb with low ridges. Examination of the type-material and a large number of specimens from several Brazilian collections have offered us the opportunity to revise the genus, describe the male of N. irregularis and N. picta for the first time, and also describe five new species, all from Brazil. Two informal groups of species are proposed based in genitals characters: irregularis group and picta group.
Among the 40 genera of Barychelidae, only nine genera are described from the African continent. Thorell (1899) described Ammonius Thorell, 1899 based on a male from Cameroon. In 1965 Benoit added more information from the holotype, with detailed illustrations of the male palp bulb and the eye group. Since then, few taxonomic revisions or new species of Barychelidae have been proposed from the African continent. Ammonius can be distinguished by the strongly pronounced retrolateral lobe of the male cymbium and the aspect of the bilobed spermathecae of the female. We redescribe the holotype male of A. pupulus Thorell, 1899 and describe the female for the first time. Additionally, a new species is described: Ammonius benoiti sp. nov., from Ivory Coast. The morphology of the tarsal setae is presented through SEM photographs. New distribution records of the genus are provided.
The genus Cyrtogrammomma Pocock, 1895 was proposed based on specimen samples from Monte Roraima, Guyana, and allocated in the family Barychelidae. However, the most recent cladistic analysis transferred Cyrtogrammomma to Theraphosidae. Herein, we amended the diagnosis and description of C. monticola, providing a redescription of the male, and new illustrations, including the description of a new cuticular structure consisting of thick and stiff setae on dorsal metatarsi I and II of females. Moreover, we diagnose, describe and illustrate a new species of Cyrtogrammomma from northeastern Brazil: C. frevosp. nov. In addition, we provide an identification key, new distribution records of the genus in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Pará, and Pernambuco, in Brazil, and the first record for the genus in caves.
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