Contribution/ OriginalityThis study shows how much academic performance is generated from the use of technological competence in the classroom, and how the financing institutions to provide results in a benefit to the student. There is a needed to develop technical competence to opens up new educational possibilities in the classroom and critical thinking.
The purpose of this research is to produce and characterize bacterial cellulose (BC) films coated with chitosan (BC-CH). BC films were produced in a fermentation medium based on Camellia sinensis tea and dextrose (12 days at 25 °C) and subsequently treated with coating-forming solutions (CFSs) based on chitosan (BC-CH 0.5%, BC-CH 1.0%, and BC-CH 1.5%). As a result, the FTIR spectra of BC and BC-CH 1.5% showed the main characteristic bands of cellulose and chitosan. In the physicochemical characterization of the films, it was found that the incorporation of the chitosan coatings did not affect the thickness; however, it decreased the luminosity (L*) and increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and opacity (75.24%). Additionally, the light absorption properties in the UV-Vis range were improved. Furthermore, the application of the CFSs increased: the solubility (64.91%), the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (6.55 mm) and E. coli (8.25 mm), as well as the antioxidant activity (57.71% and 24.57% free radical scavenging activity), and the content of total phenols (2.45 mg GAE/g). Finally, our results suggest that the BC-CH films developed in the present study show a potential application as active packaging material for food.
KEYWORDS
ChlorophyllCrude protein Lipids Microalgae Sodium bicarbonate
Trend curves
Chlorella vulgaris
ABSTRACTPresent study was conducted for large scale biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris CLV2. Further, level of lipid, crude protein, chlorophyll content were also analysed for this produced biomass. In this study, two carbon sources viz. Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and two light sources (sun light or light-emitting diodes LEDs) were used from mass culturing of C. vulgaris CLV2. The study was conducted in 15 L culture containers. Results of study revealed that in case of maximum dry biomass (DB) concentration, no significant difference was reported amongst the NaHCO3 with LED (0.72 ± 0.04 g L -1 ) and sunlight (0.74 ± 0.04 g L -1 ), while in case of crude protein and chlorophyll a+b concentrations a significant difference was reported among these two (49.8% and 22.61 µg mL -1 , respectively) under normal autotrophic growth. Maximum lipid concentration (3.6%) was reported from the treatment containing NaHCO3 and LED. Further it was reported that lipid productivity ( ). Results of study revealed that C. vulgaris CLV2 biomass can be increased by manipulating carbon and light source. The final products can be used as biofuels (biomass, lipids) or human and animal feed supplement (proteins and chlorophyll).
Corn grain drying modelling is used to estimate moisture loss along time, and with this information improve the drying process, maximizing energy resources. The numerical method of Runge-Kutta is an alternative for the solution of ordinary differential equations, since obtaining the coefficients of the method is possible to simulate a very real approximation of the actual behaviour of drying process. In this research, the constants of the fourth order Runge-Kutta numerical method were calculated, a determination coefficient with R^2=1 between analytical solution and a numerical method was found. The mean error between the two solutions was 3.13x10 -5 .
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