Biofuels currently represent a potential source of renewable energy. As well as that could lead to major new markets for farmers. However, only some of the current biofuel programs are feasible, and most involve high social costs and environmental ironically. The economic, environmental and social impacts of biofuels are widely debated and needs to be carefully assessed before extending public support to programs of biofuels on a large scale.The country strategy on biofuels should be based on a thorough assessment of these opportunities and costs in the medium and long term. One factor to consider is that oil reserves will run out, experts say, in fifty years. This article presents the social and economic impact of biofuel production in industrialized countries and developing countries that are or could become, efficient producers in export markets and profitable new.

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La dimensión perdida de las reformas emprendidas tanto por el énfasis macro-económico del Consenso de Washington, como por el tenor institucional del pos-Consenso radica en lo político y lo social. La pretensión de armonización de ambas generaciones de reformas ha fallado en reconocer la centralidad política de los actores en los procesos en los que toman parte activa, ignorando el carácter intencional, contingente e impredecible que logran imprimirle.

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The processes associated with the inevitability of globalization are patently not market-driven; there is a social dimension to the so-called economic compulsion. Therefore, neither the globalization discourse nor the general equilibrium model acknowledges the institutional differences and social determinants of markets, because they are presented as homogenous and convergent. The inadequacy of the first generation of economic reforms associated with the Washington Consensus and also of the institutional emphasis of the second generation of reforms of the post-Washington Consensus highlighted a missing social and political dimension. Though their emphases vary and complement each other, no set of reforms acknowledges the vital political character of the situated agents in context, as both generations of reforms are oriented towards the harmonization of policies.

El presente artículo reflexiona acerca de las relaciones entre los procesos de globalización y la integración segmentada de los mercados emergentes internacionales. Se analiza la ocurrencia de dificultades monetarias y financieras serias y críticas en los años noventa en México y el sudeste asiático. Además, se consideran los elementos y las características de las respuestas globales para enfrentar dichas crisis, en un esfuerzo por tomar enseñanzas relevantes de la historia económica reciente.