Devils Lake is a closed, saline lake in North Dakota; it is typical of lake basins in the Great Plains Region, where windy conditions and fluctuating water-levels disturb sediment and confound chronostratigraphy. Pollen analysis and 2mpb dating of two cores collected from bathymetrically contrasting embayments demonstrate (1) how certain agriculture-related pollen types differ in their value as chronostratigraphic markers, (2) how pollen and 2mpb stratigraphies can be reconciled to determine the approximate depth of sediment mixing, and (3) the importance of coring-site selection, especially in lakes with unstable sedimentary conditions.
Systematic studies of vegetation on 18 salt marshes along the coast of Maine show that the vegetation is highly variable in species composition, species richness, and zonation pattern. Marshes with high species richness are found in relatively stable geologic settings, while unstable marshes at the base of erodible bluffs have low species richness. Species composition is influenced by freshwater input. Salt-marsh zonation varies greatly in both the number of zones present per marsh and the species assemblages within zones. With a few notable exceptions, the vegetation of salt marshes in southern Maine is similar to that of marshes in southern New England. Salt-marsh vegetation in northeastern Maine is more similar to that of marshes in the Bay of Fundy region. Key words: tidal marsh, salt marsh, Maine, vegetation, New England, Bay of Fundy.
Comparisons of maps and aerial photographs dating from the late 1700s to the present document the recent development of an 8 km2 saltmarsh that is situated behind a barrier spit in southern Maine. Tidal channels that were relatively narrow in 1794 became wider by 1872. The reduction of marsh bordering tidal channels is interpreted as evidence that marsh accretion could not keep pace with rising sea-level. This suggests that the rate of sea-level rise had increased, although a change in discharge or sediment load caused by extensive settlement and land clearance may also have been involved.Meander patterns of the tidal streams changed considerably throughout the time period covered by the maps, demonstrating that the streams of this marsh are more dynamic than some others that have been widely reported in the literature. These differences in stream dynamics are probably related to the differences in sedimentological structure of the marshes.Between 1872 and 1956 the barrier spit eroded on its inside (shoreward) edge, probably in response to the construction of riprapping and houses along the spit, and the subsequent reduction of overwash and aeolian transport of sediment.Modification of the tidal inlet and adjacent marsh during the 1960s, including jetty construction, dredging, and filling of portions of the marsh surface, affected the marsh only locally. One tidal stream has been migrating rapidly apparently in response to compaction of peat by dredge spoils and consequent local disruption of the marsh hydrology. Except for this migration, erosion of the marsh edge occurred immediately after the inlet modifications; planimetric changes in the marsh and its streams have been minor since then.
PurposeThis study aims to explore the positive and negative effects of working in an academic library, as reported by college students.Design/methodology/approachThrough surveys and interviews, student workers shared their perceptions of how employment in a university library affects their academics, social life, engagement with campus life, professional skill development, and emotional/psychological states.FindingsResults indicate that the library job is seen as a generally positive part of the students' college experience, particularly in the areas of skill development and academic performance. However, neutral, mixed, and negative effects exist as well.Research limitations/implicationsFindings may not be generalizable due to the limited number of participants and their employment in a single department. Future research could include students in other departments, libraries, or universities. This study employed a single survey and interview, capturing a snapshot of student perceptions. A more longitudinal approach could examine how the attitudes and perceptions of working students change over time as a result of their employment.Practical implicationsThis study presents suggestions for how librarians, faculty, staff, and administrators can promote working students' academic success and professional development.Originality/valueThis paper contributes a new perspective to the current literature on the academic and social effects of library employment. By gathering student perceptions via surveys and interviews, this research provides one of the first analyses of the experiences of library student workers as shared in their own voices.
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