The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is drastically increasing globally, leading to greater economic hardship and patient morbidity. This study evaluated the effects of chelerythrine on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in a mouse model. Mice received chelerythrine (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.g.) and sulfasalazine (SASP) (500 mg/kg, i.g.) for 7 consecutive days following the induction of colitis via the intrarectal administration of AA (5% v/v). Disease activity index (DAI), tissue morphology, tissue damage, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammatory markers were then evaluated. The results revealed that the colonic levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) had decreased, while colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO) activity, colonic and serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had all increased significantly in the colitis untreated group compared to that of the normal control. Treatment with chelerythrine considerably improved most of these parameters, and a dose of 100 mg/kg, was found to be comparable to that of 500 mg/kg SASP. This alkaloid also markedly reversed body weight (BW), clinical activity score, gross lesion score, mucosal edema, and colon weight/length in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the protective effect of chelerythrine could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
A new biflavonoid, (2″ S)-8″-C-methyl-2″,3″-dihydrorobustaflavone-4′-methyl ether (1) and 5 known robustaflavones (2-6) were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of Selaginella braunii for the first time. The structures of 1 and the known compounds were identified by performing a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data including ultraviolet-visible, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1-6 were determined for cytotoxic activity against 3 human cancer cell lines (SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and A549). Compound 1 exerted apparent antiproliferative effects on SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and A549 cells, with IC50 values of 18.6, 16.7, and 25.5 μM, respectively.
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