CIGS PV solar module is a thin film technology (second generation) that is fabricated from Copper-Indium Gallium Selenide. CIGS an abbreviation of C Copper-I Indium G Gallium S Selenide. The system, with which reflectors are incorporated, is 5kWp On-Grid CIGS PV Solar system is located at Al Mansour company, Iraq-Baghdad (latitude 33.3°N, longitude 44.4°E and 41m above the sea level). This study improves performance ratio, array efficiency, electrical power and current. All these improvements are done via increasing solar irradiance by using optical reflectors (fabricates from aluminum metal). The maximum values (at 12:00PM) of the improved and reference performance ratio, power, current and efficiency are 99% and 76.20%,1.959W and 1.508W, 5.145A and 3.9A, 15% and 11.60% respectively, while the maximum value of solar irradiance and panel temperature for improved and reference systems at 12:00 PM are 1118.9 W/m 2 and 844.8 W/m 2 ,64 O C and 58 O C respectively where the air temperature is 37 O C. The minimum value (at 6:00 PM) of the improved and reference performance ratio, power, current and efficiency are 9%and 8.80%, 0.179W and 0.173W, 0.189A and 0.184A, and 1.40% and 1.30%, while the solar irradiance and panel temperature for improved and reference systems at 6:00 PM are 93W/m 2 and 90.8 W/m 2 , 36 O C and 35.8 O C. The maximum values of gains (at 12:00PM) for performance ratio, power, current and efficiency, solar irradiance and panel temperature are 22.8%, 30%, 31.9%, 3.4%, 32.4% and 6 O C. The current study is achieved under clear sky conditions. The novelty in current study is that the improved part performance is 99% which is very close to the standard performance that is 100%, where the reference part performance is 76.2%.
The sun is the main source of energy that reaches the surface of the earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation called solar radiation and when it reaches the outer surface of the glass hood of the solar distillation, the process of energy transferring as the heat begins. the energy transfer process between parts of solar distillates greatly controls its performance, so the greater amount of energy gained and the less energy lost, leads to higher productivity and efficiency of the solar distillery. in this paper, a mathematical model was constructed to calculate the amount of thermal energy in each part of a monoclinic solar distiller equipped with an additional capacitor during its operation. as a result of this model showed that the temperature, after a series of heat energy exchanges between the glass cover and all the internal parts of the distillate, with the absorbent part at the base of the distillate, exhibited the same behavior, which is increasing in its temperature steadily during the first hours of the day from (32.5-41.7 ) at (08:30 am) in the morning down to its top value (61.4-76.7 ) at (02:30 pm) and decline after this hour in the same bullish pattern. this is due to the greater difference between the amount of energy lost and acquired by the absorbent portion during the same daylight hours, as the amount of energy gained increases and the amount of lost energy decreases, leading to the highest energy gain and the least energy lost by the absorbent part at (02:30 pm), except the outer part of the additional condenser, which followed a similar behavior of air temperature, with its temperature gradually increasing slightly during the first hours of the day from (27 ) at (08:30 am) until it reached its peak (36.2 ) at (01:30 pm), then it decreases after this time slightly. this slight rise and slight decrease are due to the constant state of thermal balance between the two ends of the additional condenser by the heat exchange process between the outer part of the additional condenser and the cooling water.
CIGS is the thin film technology (second generation) fabricated from Copper-Indium Gallium Selenide. This research displays the performance assessment of a 5kWp CIGS grid-connected PV Solar system. CIGS system installed at al-Mansour Company, Iraq-Baghdad (latitude 33.3 ° N, longitude 44.4 ° E and 41m above the sea level). The current paper presents the performance analysis of CIGS system (real system) and the comparison with PVsyst simulation program to find out how close are the CIGS system approaches perfect system (PVsyst) under Baghdad climate. The CIGS system was monitored during the year of 2017. The daily average of array, reference and final yields for real and PVsyst systems were 5kWh/kWp (h/day), 6.1kWh/kWp and 4.85kWh/kWp, and 5.46kWh/kWp (h/day), 6.3kWh/kWp and 5.3kWh/kWp respectively. The annual energy yield from real and PVsyst systems are 1781.8kWh/kWp/year and 1924kWh/kWp/year respectively. The annual energy output from real and PVsyst systems are 8820.2kWh and 9538.5 kWh respectively. The annual global horizontal solar irradiation (GHI) received in Baghdad of 1986.4kWh/m 2 . The yearly daily average of system and array losses for real and PVsyst systems were 0.18 kWh/kWp/day and 0.18 kWh/kWp/day, and 1.1kWh/kWp/day and 0.84 kWh/kWp/day respectively. The yearly average of array, system and inverter efficiencies for real and PVsyst systems were 12.7%, 12.1% and 96.47%, and 13.18%, 12.72 and 97 respectively. The yearly average of the capacity factor and performance ratio for real and PVsyst systems were 20.4% and 80.2%, and 22% and 83% respectively. These values indicate very good performance for CIGS PV solar system fixed in Baghdad city. The comparison between PVsyst and CIGS will take place in results and discussion.
Renewable energy resources have become a promissory alternative to overcome the problems related to atmospheric pollution and limited sources of fossil fuel energy. The technologies in the field of renewable energy are used also to improve the ventilation and cooling in buildings by using the solar chimney and heat exchanger. This study addresses the design, construction and testing of a cooling system by using the above two techniques. The aim was to study the effects of weather conditions on the efficiency of this system which was installed in Baghdad for April and May 2020. The common weather in these months is hot in Baghdad. The test room of the design which has a size of 1 m3 was situated to face the geographical south. The test room is thermally insulated and connected to a solar chimney which generates a convection current to draw the air out of the room through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger was submerged in a water tank of 2 m length, 1 m width and 1 m height. It was also covered with a layer of soil mixture with a thickness of 10 cm. The experiment simulates the natural conditions of a shallow water surface, connected to the room from the other side. The study results revealed that the air temperature inside the test room was lower than that of the ambient air outside. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a strong direct relationship between solar radiation, temperature and wind speed from one side and the cooling efficiency from the other side. Also, there was a negative correlation between relative humidity and cooling efficiency.
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