Prevention of bacterial growth among root canal treatment sessions is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. The most common way to achieve this is to use calcium hydroxide in the treatment sessions. Some studies have shown calcium hydroxide inefficiency in this field. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of silver, copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the inhibitory effects of calcium hydroxide based on Enterococcus faecalis species. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria having 0.5 McFarland concentration were prepared. Plates containing BHI agar medium were prepared. In each plate, four wells were created and the plate was cultured using a sterile swab. Afterwards, calcium hydroxide composition of 1% and 2% concentration from silver, copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles were prepared separately, as well as the combination of calcium hydroxide with 1% silver in combination with 1% of copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles, which were then transferred to the wells. After 24 hours of incubation, the inhibition zone diameter was measured. Data were analyzed by Mann-Withney test. At 1% concentration, only the combination of copper nanoparticles with calcium hydroxide could significantly create an inhibition zone larger than calcium hydroxide alone (P value <0.5). At 2% concentration, the combination of copper nanoparticles with calcium hydroxide, and the combination of silver nanoparticles with calcium hydroxide, were significantly higher than calcium hydroxide alone (P value <0.5). The calcium hydroxide composition containing 1% silver nanoparticles in combination with 1% copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles significantly increased the growth inhibition zone more than calcium hydroxide alone. (P Value <0.5). Copper nanoparticles showed the best antibacterial properties among silver, copper, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination with calcium hydroxide. Also, the combination of 1% of nanoparticles with each other increases antibacterial properties.
Introduction: Successful root canal therapy depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms such as Entroccocus faecalis, which is impossible to achieve with the traditional methods. Lasers are recently introduced as a new method to solve the problem. The present study is planned and performed to examining the antibacterial effect of Er: YAG laser. Methods: Sixty extracted anterior primary teeth were prepared and sterilized. E. faecalis bacterium was cultured in canals. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was disinfected by NaOCl 5/25% and Er: YAG laser and the second group just by NaOCl 5/25%. Samples of canal contents were cultured and colony counts were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by SPSS software and Mann Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference between colony counts in both groups (P = 0.142). But the number of colonies in the first group was lower than in the second group. Conclusion: Although, Er: YAG laser cannot completely eliminate E. faecalis bacterium, its simultaneous use with NaOCl decreases E. faecalis.
Background. Instrument fracture is one of major challenges during root canal treatment. In order to reduce such errors, it seems necessary to investigate the effects of potentially impactful factors. One of such factors could be the temperature of an agitator.Objectives. This study examined the effects of different temperature of the sodium hypochlorite solution on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold (PTG) rotary files.Material and methods. Forty-five PTG S1 rotary files were tested in a metal block that simulated a canal curvature angle of 60° and a curvature radius of 5 mm. They were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 according to sodium hypochlorite temperatures of 22°C (group 1), 4°C (group 2) and 37°C (group 3). Files from each group were rotated at 300 rpm in the block at each temperature. The number of cycles to fracture was calculated and the fragment length was measured. The fractured surfaces were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The statistical analysis was completed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, v. 22.0, at a significance level of 5%.Results. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the PTG rotary files was not significantly affected by the temperature of sodium hypochlorite (p > 0.05). Conclusions.Increasing the temperature of sodium hypochlorite to 37°C or decreasing it to 4°C did not significantly affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of PTG rotary files.
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