The UK Breast Screening Programme has recently expanded the age range for invitation in the prevalent round to 70 years. In contrast, fewer radiologists now choose to specialise in the area of breast cancer screening. In response to this depletion in film-reading personnel, an increasing number of radiographers have been trained as advanced practitioners in order to film-read alongside the current radiologists. As part of the quality assurance programme for the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP), each film-reader can participate in a voluntary self-assessment scheme (Personal Performance in Mammographic Screening, PERFORMS) which consists of a number of recent challenging breast screening cases that are amassed nationally and distributed bi-annually. The scheme produces anonymous data on any areas of difficulties that individual participants have; these data can then be aggregated over groups of participants or over specific types of screening cases. In this paper, the areas of difficulty experienced by groups of advanced practitioners and radiologists on the PERFORMS cases were investigated to determine whether there were occupational group differences in reading skills in terms of case classification and feature type. Identifying if such problematic areas exist would be the first step to provide training sets specially tailored to the needs of particular occupational groups. As a bench mark for which cases could be problematic, the types of cases that a panel of experienced radiologists deemed as difficult was first examined in order to compare the performance of both film-reading groups against this panel standard. Secondly, any differences in performance error and case characteristics (classification, difficulty level and feature type) between radiologists and advanced practitioners were examined. The decisions of 15 experienced "panel" radiologists and approximately 400 film readers (including radiologists and advanced practitioners) were compared on 180 cases, over a number of years. This study employed a matched design which controlled for any differences between radiologists and advanced practitioners in terms of real-life factors, such as volume of cases read per week and years of radiological experience. The results elucidate the type of cases most appropriate for advanced mammographic training. No significant differences were found between the advanced practitioners and radiologists on these self-assessment screening cases, indicating that dedicated occupational group training is not required.

In this paper, we document and theorise ‘ownership’ practices in young people’s intimate relationships and discuss the parallels with domestic violence. Ten young New Zealand women engaged in focus group discussions about their heterosexual partner’s ‘ownership’ practices or jealous, possessive and controlling behaviours. Using discourse analysis informed by feminist poststructuralism and critical realism, we identified three proprietary ‘ownership’ practices experienced by these young women: ‘ownership’ entitlement, surveillance and identity ‘ownership’. We discuss the parallels between these practices and those experienced by women subjected to men’s domestic violence, the possibility that such practices may be precursors to the development of domestic violence and the implications for prevention.

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Additional Information:• Copyright 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. This paper can also be found ABSTRACTAlthough CT and MR imaging is now commonplace in the radiology department, few studies have examined complex interpretative tasks such as the reading of multidimensional brain CT or MRI scans from the observer performance perspective, especially with reference to Stroke. Modality performance studies have demonstrated a similar sensitivity of less than 50% for both conventional modalities, with neither modality proving superior to the other in Stroke observer performance tasks (Mohr, 1995;Lansberg, 2000;Wintermark, 2007). Visual search studies have not extensively explored stroke imaging and an in-depth, comparative eye-movement study between CT and MRI has not yet been conducted. A computer-based, eye-tracking study was designed to assess diagnostic accuracy and interpretation in stroke CT and MR imagery. Forty eight predetermined clinical cases, with five images per case, were presented to participants (novices, trainees and radiologists; n=28). The presence or absence of abnormalities was rated on a four-point Likert scale and their locations reported. Results highlight differences in visual search patterns amongst novice, trainee and expert observers; the most marked differences occurred between novice readers and experts. In terms of modality differences; novice and expert readers spent longer appraising CT images than MR, compared with trainees, who spent longer appraising MR than CT images. Image analysis trends did not appear to differ between modalities, but time spent within clinical images, accuracy and relative confidence performing the task did differ between CT and MR reader groups. To-date few studies have explored observer performance in neuroradiology and the present study examines multi-slice image appraisal by comparing matched pairs of CT and MRI Stroke cases.