CBT alone and TAU alone produced significant reductions in depressive symptoms at the end of treatment and at 6 months follow-up. CBT on its own is shown to be an effective treatment procedure for mild to moderate late life depression and has utility as a treatment alternative for older people who cannot or will not tolerate physical treatment approaches for depression.
Previous research has suggested that parasuicides are impaired in their ability to generate positive future experiences. This study aimed to look at the relationship between future experiences, cognitive vulnerability and hopelessness in parasuicides and matched hospital controls. Parasuicides (N 5 20) and matched hospital controls (N 5 20) were assessed the day following an episode of deliberate self-harm on measures of hopelessness, depression, anxiety, cognitive vulnerability and future directed thinking. The parasuicides differed from hospital controls on measures of depression, hopelessness and negative cognitive style in the predicted direction. Future positive thinking, depression and negative cognitive style explained 70.5% of the hopelessness variance. Future positive thinking was not correlated with either depression or negative cognitive style, whereas negative cognitive style was correlated with depression and hopelessness. Future directed thinking contributes to hopelessness independently of depression and does not seem to be associated with cognitive vulnerability.
Background: Previous studies have identified the presence of negative attitudes towards depression in the lay public and have identified that older adults have less positive attitudes towards depression than younger adults. There are mixed findings in differences in attitudes amongst male and females, with some indication that males have more negative attitudes than females, though some studies report no differences between males and females. This study seeks to examine attitudes towards depression in the general public with an interest in age and gender differences in attitudes. Method: With an overall response rate of 80%, 322 non-acutely ill medical outpatients (and visitors) completed a short vignette style questionnaire assessing attitudes to depression. Fifty-four percent of the sample were female and 41% over 65 years of age. Results: Using factor analysis, three themes emerged; ''familiarity with depression'', ''recognition of depression as a mental illness'', and ''negative attitudes about depression''. Significant differences in attitudes to depression were found among younger and older adults and males and females. Conclusion: Future educational campaigns aimed at the general public should concentrate their efforts on older adults and male lay people, who hold the least positive attitudes towards people with depression.
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