Addition of melatonin to the insulin treatment did not change the effects of insulin, but the detailed role of melatonin alone in the treatment of diabetes merits further experimental and clinical investigation.
The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of vitamin U (Vit U) on lung tissue of pentyleneterazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (0.9% NaCl given, intraperitoneally); Vit U (50 mg/kg/day, for 7 days by gavage); PTZ; (60 mg/kg one dose, intraperitoneally); and PTZ + Vit U (in same dose and time). At the end of the experiment, lung tissues were taken and examined biochemically and cytologically. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), sialic acid (SA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in lung homogenates. Imprinted lung samples were stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa stain and microscopically examined for the presence of collagen fibers, macrophage, leucocyte, and epithelial cells. PTZ administration significantly increased GSH level and CAT activity and significantly decreased SOD activity compared to the control group. Vit U administration significantly increased GSH level and CAT activity compared to the control group. GSH and NO levels significantly decreased in PTZ + Vit U group compared to the PTZ group. In cytologic analysis, increased collagen fibers, macrophages, leucocytes, and epithelial cells were observed in PTZ group compared to the control group, and Vit U administration decreased these cytological parameters compared to the PTZ group. The findings of this study support the possible protective role of using Vit U as an add-on therapy in order to prevent lung tissue injury which may occur during seizures in epilepsy.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of chard on valproic acid (VPA)-induced cardiac damage. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as control, chard given control (100 mg/kg/day, by gavage), VPA (500 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) and chard given VPA (100 mg/kg/day chard by gavage, 500 mg/kg/day VPA, intraperitoneally). The aqueous extracts of chard leaves were given 1 h prior to administration of VPA for 7 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total sialic acid (SA) levels and catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased in the VPA group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Chard administration significantly decreased MDA and SA levels in the control and in the VPA groups (P < 0.05). Chard administration also significantly increased CAT activities and glutathione levels both in the control and in the VPA groups (P < 0.05). As a conclusion, chard consumption may prevent cardiac tissue from oxidative stress and inflammation in VPA-induced toxicity.
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