Nano fertilizers are essential resources in agriculture in order to increase crop production, quality, productivity, and boost nutrient uptake. Nano-fertilizer is efficient for specific use of nutrients at appropriate time of plant growth and can provide nutrients as a whole with the crop. Growing crops with heavier fertilizer concentrations further increases may be limiting to crop growth due to nutrient toxicity. Nano-fertilizers provide more area for photosynthesis, leading to more sunlight absorption and greater yields of the crop. It will help plants survive challenging environmental factors such as drought. Limitations in agricultural land and water supplies can improve production land and water use productivity through the use of new technologies. Nanotechnology has the potential of transforming both personal use and development. Nanostructured formulations may also be developed in order to deliver active ingredients in response to environmental cues and biological demands more properly. The principle of fertilizer use is known to use less resource and to be free from chemical side effects. Nanotechnology has enormous potential to contribute significantly to sustainable agricultural production, particularly in developing countries.
In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano-NPK, nano-micronutrients, and nano-amino acids on the growth and yield of maize (Hybrid F1 Furat), a field experiment was carried out during the autumn season (2019) with an area of 1500 m2g within the district of (41)–Al-Husseiniyah / Al-Talea’a district / Babylon Governorate according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for two factors with three replicates. The first factor (nano-NPK) included three treatments: control, nano-NPK (20-20-20), and nano-NPK (12-12-36), while the second factor (nano-micronutrients and nano-amino acids) included four treatments: control, nano-micronutrients, nano-amino acids, nano-micronutrients + nano-amino acids. The studied indicators on maize plant included estimation of nutrient absorption in grains and total absorption (kg H-1), estimation of fertilizer application efficiency (%). The results showed the significant superiority of NPK (12-12-36) spraying in achieving the highest averages of the studied indicators by an increase of (61.53%) in comparison with the comparison treatment for the total absorbed potassium, and an increase of iron and copper absorbed in the grains reached (3.938% and 22.321%), respectively, in comparison with the comparison treatment. And the application of the integrated nano-element fertilizer + nano amino acids achieved The highest averages of iron, manganese and copper absorbed in grains increased by (39.010%, 28.409%, 60.577%), respectively, comparing with the comparison treatment. and the interaction of the two study factors gave the combination of nano NPK (20-20-20) with integrated nano micro elements + nano amino acids the highest averages of nitrogen and phosphorus total absorption and for iron, manganese and copper with an increase of (110.06%, 81.83%, 64.251%)., 74.065%, 109.375%), respectively, by comparison with the comparison treatment. The highest nitrogen and phosphorous utilization efficiency was recorded at 55.12 and 36.65%, respectively, in comparison with high-potassium nano NPK, which corresponds to the combination of high-potassium NPK nano with nano (trace elements + amino acids) in recording the highest potassium utilization efficiency of 58.51% in comparison with the balanced nano NPK.
The experiment was conducted in one of the special fields for the winter agricultural season 2020/2021 in Al-Qadisiyah province / Sumer-Al-Barakat sub-district, which is 17 km from the district, at 32.14 degrees north latitude and 44.99 degrees east longitude. To know the effect of spraying some nano-fertilizers and their combinations on the growth and yield of the fenugreek, the experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment included 10 treatments (T1), the control treatment, spraying distilled water only, (T2) a balanced nano-NPK spraying at a concentration of 2 g L-1, (T3) adding NPK mineral fertilizer 200 kg ha-1, (T4) Spraying nano microelements 2 g L-1 + NPK mineral fertilizer, (T5) Spraying nano seaweed extract 2ml.L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer, (T6) spraying nano NPK at a concentration of 2 g.L-1 + mineral NPK, (T7) Spraying nano micro-elements fertilizer at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + nano seaweed extract at a concentration of 2 ml L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer, (T8) spraying nano micro-elements at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + nano NPK at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer and (T9) spraying nano seaweed extract at a concentration of 2 ml L-1 + nano NPK at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + adding Mineral NPK fertilizer and (T10) spraying nano-micro elements 2 g. L-1 + nano seaweed extract 2 ml L-1 + NPK nano-concentration 2 g L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer, the first spraying was done three times when the plants reached 6-8 leaves, the second and the third with an interval of 14 days between them. The results showed significantly excelled of plants treated with (T10) and the highest averages were achieved in the vegetative growth traits compared to the control treatment. It also produced the highest averages in all yield traits and its components, especially the fresh and dry leaf yield, and seed and oil yield, which amounted to 12.771, 1.442, 1.431, and 159.48 kg ha-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which produced 9.514, 1.163, 1.024 and 99.38 kg ha-1, respectively.
A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields of plot 158 district 41 Husseiniya, township of Taliaa, Babylon Governorate, to study fertilizer use efficiency of nano fertilizers micronutrients foliar application on Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.).The experiment included 17 treatments of spraying the nanofertilizes micronutrients of nano iron 13% Fe ,nano zinc 20% Zn, nano copper 15% Cu and nano manganese 18% Mn, single spray, dual, triple and quadruple combinations, as well as a quadratic combination of a traditional source as well as the treatment of water-only control. In nutrients content in arial parts and tubers, nutrients uptake, total uptake ,FUE,MNUE. RCBD design with three replicates, and the solutions were sprayed early in the morning after 60 days of planting and at 25, 50, 75 and 100 g fertilizer 100 L-1 Water for to spray the first, second, third and fourth respectively, and according to the recommendation by 1 kg Naon fertilizers h-1, and another 400 liters of spray solution h-1.The results of the duncan test showed a probability level of 0.05 The superiority of the single spray treatments followed by the treatment of nano (Zn+Cu+Fe+Mn) in micronutrients content of arial parts and tubers of zinc, copper, iron, manganese and total uptake, While achieved the nutrient use efficiency of nano-zinc, nanocopper, nano-iron and nano-manganese (93.10, 85.00, 99.00 and 85.50%) sequentially. For individual spray treatments and (91.60, 81.30, 91.85, and 83.40%) sequentially for the treatment of nano spray common quartet (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn).
During the winter season 2021-2022, an experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy of the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul to study of effect of Rhizobacterein, Nano-NPK20:20:20, and Nano-Micro Complete fertilizers and time periods on the number of rhizosphere bacteria and some of the growth and yield parameters of bean. Using (Silt Loam) texture in Alhawi soil in Mosul region. The first factor contained nine treatments of (NPK20:20:20), (Micro Complete) nano-fertilizer, Rhizobacterein bio-fertilizer, dual and tri combination of them, In addition to a treatment containing conventional fertilizers, as well as a control. The second factor is the time periods (60, 90 and 120) days of cultivation using a complete random design (CRD) with three replications. On 24/11/2021, the seeds of the Italian-origin bean Luz cultivar were planted in polyethylene (10) kg of soil. Fertilizers were combined with the soil and added in two batches, the first after germination and the second 20 days later. For each time, the total number of bacteria and vegetative properties were counted. (60, 90, and 120) cultivation days. The results of the statistical analysis for the least significant difference (L.S.D0.05) showed superiority of the tri combination of fertilization (Nano-NPK+Nano-Micro complete+Rhzobacterein) for the period (120) days after planting in the chlorophyll index, fresh pods yield, and fresh plants yield (51.84 SPAD, 71.62 g plant−1, and 33.85 g plant−1) respectively, compared to the same combination of the traditional sources (49.2 SPAD, 62.86 g plant−1, and 24.72 g plant−1) for the same period, while the same trend was achieved with the total numbers of bacteria for the tri nano, bio fertilizers combination (6.93, 10.12, 5.03) (108) cfu g−1soil, compared to the tri traditional, bio fertilizers combination (5.14, 6.73, 4.59) (108) cfu g−1 soil, respectively for the periods (60, 90, and 120) days after of planting.
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