Curcumin is widely used as a traditional medicine. This work was aimed to investigate its possible protective effect against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups (n=10, each). The control group received a single dose of normal saline, the diethylnitrosamine (DENA) group received a single intra-peritoneal dose at 200mg/kg body weight, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups were given DENA and daily administrated curcunine (CUR) via intra-gastric intubation in doses of 300,200 and 100 mg/kg b.wt. respectively for 20 weeks. Serum, and liver samples were used for determination of alpha feto-protein (AFP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukine-6 (IL-6), serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT) levels as well the activities and gene expression of glutathione peroxidise (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD). Curcumin significantly lowered the serum levels of AFP, IL-2 and IL-6, ALT, ALT, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well gene expression of IL-2 and IL-6. In contrast it increased the gene expression and activities of Gpx, GRD, CAT and SOD. The protective effect of CUR against DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in albino rats was proven.

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The highest incidence of positive pathogenic E.COLI (APEC) isolated in this study was from chickens (57.96%) followed by ducks ,pigon, turkey ,ibis and quail with a percentage ,25.48%, 5.10%, 4.46%, 3.82% and 3.18% respectively. Heart , liver and lungs were the important tissues in production of APEC E.COLI O26 , O127, O55, O119, O111, O78, O86, O2 and O114 were the most prevalent serogroups identified in this study .using PCR five virulance associated genes in the APEC serogroups were irp2 , iron, ompt, iss and hlyf from all examined isolates. xperimental infection of broiler chickens with the different isolated E.coli serogroups ,o78 and o2 showed the highest mortality rates 60% and 50% respectively with severe reduction in the mean body weight from 20-30%. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated APEC was studied.

This study was designed to examine the impact of dietary β-1,3-glucan immunomodulatory and mitigating activities against fipronil and lead-induced pollution in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) culture. Two hundred forty catfish were randomly divided into four equal groups: the first served as a control; the second was supplemented with β-1,3-glucan; the third was exposed to fipronil and lead; and the fourth was exposed to a combination of fipronil, lead, and β-1,3-glucan. The health status, haematological, immunological, and histopathological changes were all evaluated. Swelling on the dorsolateral side, spinal column deviation (scoliosis), sluggish movement, skin bleaching, excessive mucus secretion, significant variations in blood indices-related measures, and a 45% death rate were all observed in the third group. There was also a significant decrease in IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IgM concentrations, as well as a down-regulation of their corresponding gene expression. In the spleen, there were notable necrotic foci and hemosiderosis; in the intestine, severe enteritis and mucinous degeneration of the lining epithelium were common pathological findings. Fish treated with β-1,3-glucan alone or in combination with fipronil and lead demonstrated improved physiological activity, blood indices, and elevations in IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IgM concentrations, as well as up-regulation in their gene expression in splenic tissues, when compared to the third group. The spleen and intestine had normal histological architecture with 5% mortalities. No fish mortalities were observed in the control and β-1,3-glucan alone treated groups. These findings suggest that β-1,3-glucan could be a promising dietary supplement for catfish health, immunity, and as a fipronil and lead pollutant neutralizer in catfish culture.

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