Purpose
To evaluate the frequencies of
angiotensin-converting enzyme
gene polymorphism in Iraqi hemodialysis patients and to examine the association between this polymorphism and serum erythropoietin and hemoglobin levels.
Methods
In this study, 70 chronic renal failure Iraqi patients on maintenance hemodialysis (patient group) and 20 healthy subjects (control group) were genotyped for
angiotensin-converting enzyme
gene polymorphism. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of this polymorphism in these subjects were also evaluated.
Results
The distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes between groups was similar, and the ID genotype was the most frequent, followed by DD and II genotypes (50%, 37%, and 13%). The control group had a nonsignificant difference in serum erythropoietin levels among different angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes, while patients with ID and DD genotypes displayed significant elevation in serum erythropoietin with time. No significant differences in hemoglobin levels were observed in patient and control groups. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum erythropoietin and hemoglobin in the control group with different angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes, while a nonsignificant negative correlation was observed in the patient group throughout the study.
Conclusions
Chronic kidney disease did not significantly alter angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes, and
angiotensin-converting enzyme
gene polymorphism had a significant effect on serum erythropoietin levels and a nonsignificant effect on hemoglobin levels.
Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on endogenous Vitamin D3 level and inflammatory biomarkers in newly diagnosed pediatric patients.Methods: The patients were given oral Vitamin D3, and they divided into three groups: The first group (25 healthy pediatrics), the second group (25 newly diagnosed pediatric patients) treated with daily insulin regimen only, and the third group (25 newly diagnosed pediatric patients) treated with Vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) with daily insulin regimen; all patients were treated for 90 days; and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 45 days and 90 days of starting Vitamin D3 to assess its potential effect on the levels of Vitamin D, serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and other inflammatory markers.Results: The results of the current study showed that serum IL-1β significantly declined in patients receiving Vitamin D3, while serum Vitamin D3, serum calcium, and interleukins-4 were significantly increased in patients receiving Vitamin D3.Conclusion: Vitamin D3 in a daily dose of 2000 IU/day for 90 days results in favorable immune response and increase of serum Vitamin D3 for pediatric new diagnosed Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
A prospective comparative two arms study done in Al Kadhimiya teaching hospital for 1 year duration from June 2017 till June 2017, this study included 150 women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with gestational DM. The primary endpoints were neonatal outcomes which include; neonatal hypoglycemia (≥2 neonatal glucose values 46.8 m/dL), respiratory distress (admission to neonatal care unite NUC), need for phototherapy (neonatal jaundice), 5-minute Apgar scores below 7, or premature birth (<37 weeks of gestation). The maternal outcome includes the rate of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, mode of delivery and Polyhydramnios. Metformin offer less risk for the neonate to have an episode of blood glucose level <28.8 mg/dl compared to insulin RR (95%CI): 0.598 (0.457 – 0.999) and it was significant, metformin also offer less risk for the neonate to have recurrent blood glucose level <46.8 mg/dl RR (95%CI): 0.820 (0.586 – 1.289) but it was not statistically significant, metformin had slightly increased risk for preterm birth compared to insulin, the rest of the variables did not show a significant difference between both drugs. There was no significant difference in the maternal outcome between both drugs. There was no significant difference between metformin and insulin in their FPG and HbA1c after commencing therapy. In conclusion, metformin is an effective and safe treatment option for women with GDM, and that metformin comparable with insulin in glycemic control, there is no a significant risk of maternal or perinatal adverse outcome with the use of metformin compared with insulin in GDM.
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