Cytokinins and auxins were studied in Lens culinaris before; however, there was lack of information about their effects on vascular tissues and their relation with plant development. In this study, intact lentil seedlings were treated with different doses of BAP (1 mg/L) and NAA (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 mg/L) with periodic intervals of 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days under in vitro conditions. The behaviors of plant height, number of shoots per plant, and rooting were investigated to find if their regeneration behavior is related with the developmental behavior of phloem and xylem thickness and stem radius. In most instances, seven-day culture conditions in all plant growth regulators (PGRs) doses demonstrated the best results. BAP and NAA treatments with high doses on prolonged days of culture caused unhealthy growing on plant development and vascular tissues. While phloem region thickness was the highest in control group, xylem region was found to have the highest thickness in 1 mg/L BAP treatment used singly. Moreover, high doses of BAP and NAA caused deformity and shrinking in phloem and xylem regions that also lead to shrinking in stem radius. These results reveal negative effects of BAP and NAA treatments on prolonged days of culture and conclude that the time period of treatment must be optimized precisely to avoid damages to vascular and other tissues and promote desirable growth and development of tissues.
The genus Helichrysum contains many species displaying therapeutical effects and use in folk medicine. Helichrysum pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb. is one of these species, used in the region for traditional medicine and ornamental purposes. Plants have been used in the treatment in folk medicines since the earliest times of human history. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and other medicinal properties of plants are being investigated in laboratories throughout the world using the extracts and essential oils derived from medicinal plants. Essential oils are usually complex mixtures of natural compounds of both polar and apolar structure. Essential oils consist mainly of terpenoids and their oxygenated derivatives. Essential oils, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, have therapeutic properties and are the raw materials of cosmetics, as well as acting as natural additives in foods and food products. In this study, the volatile components of the H. pallasii plants were investigated which collected from its natural habitat in the Armutlu district of Bayburt province (Turkey) at the time of flowering. The proportion of essential oils of the plant harvested during the full flowering period and the aromatic components in the essential oil of the plant were determined using the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) method in a Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) device. Almost 37 different components were found as a result of the analysis. The main components were found as α-Springene (34.89%), (-)-Isoledene (7.11%), δ-Selinene (5.79%) and Aristolene (5.09).
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the world's most popular beverage plant, as well as an important plantation crop with high commercial value. It has been maintained for centuries through conventional vegetative propagation. Tea clonal propagation in vitro has the advantage of producing a large number of elite plants. If an efficient in vitro regeneration technology is available, this technique could be exploited for selection of tea plants for desired trait. The selected plants could be later on multiplied through in vitro or ex vitro techniques. The study aimed to induced somatic embryogenesis from immature embryo explants to genetic variaton. Different concentrations of phenylboronic acid with benzyladenine and phenylboronic acid with kinetin were tested in MS medium with 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar. MS medium without any plant growth regulators was used as control group. Considering the embryo survival rate, 1.5 mg/ L-1 phenylboronic acid + 1 mg/ L-1 kinetin produced highest result as 87.3% while lowest was in control group as 36.7%. The highest plant regeneration rate was found in 1,5 mg/ L-1 phenylboronic acid + 1 mg/ L-1 kinetin and 1.5 mg/ L-1 phenylboronic acid + 1 mg/ L-1 benzyladenine medium respectively as 58.3% and 55.6%. Kinetin treatment with increasing phenylboronic acid concentrations gave the best results in terms of somatic embryo survival rate. Also, kinetin treatment produced better results when compared to benzyladenine concentrations.
The genus of Helichrysum comprises many species which have therapeutical effects and used in folk medicine. H. pallasii is one of these species, used in the region for traditional medicine and ornamental purposes. Therefore, optimizing alternative micropropagation protocols of tissue culture conditions and secondary metabolite production for these species needs attention. The effect of Thidiazuran (TDZ) combined with Zeatin (ZEA) on shoot regeneration in H. pallasi was investigated during this study. The leaf, stem and root parts taken from the seedling germinated under in vitro conditions were used as explants. As a result, the root explants were more efficient compared to other explants in inducing plant regeneration using 1 mg L -1 Thidiazuran (TDZ) + 0.1 mg L -1 Zeatin (ZEA) (88.9%) and 1 mg L -1 TDZ treatment (85.7%). The lowest plant regeneration percentage (16.7%) was found in control medium using leaf explants. Thiadiazuron ve Zeatin'in Helichrysum pallasii'de Bitki Rejenerasyonuna Etkisi Anahtar kelimeler:Ölmez çiçek, mikro çoğaltım, doku kültürü, thidiazuran, zeatin Özet. Helichrysum cinsi, tedavi edici etkileri olan ve halk hekimliğinde kullanılan birçok türü içermektedir. H. pallasii yörede geleneksel tıp ve süs amaçlı kullanılan bu türlerden bir tanesidir. Bu nedenle, bu türler için doku kültüründe alternatif mikroçoğaltım protokollerinin ve sekonder metabolit üretiminin optimize edilmesi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Zeatin (ZEA) ile kombine edilmiş Thidiazuran (TDZ)' nın H. pallasi'de sürgün rejenerasyonu üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. İn vitro koşullarda çimlendirilen bitkiciklerden alınan yaprak, gövde ve kök kısımları eksplant olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, en yüksek bitki rejenerasyonu kök eksplantlarına uygulanan 1 mg L -1 Thidiazuran (TDZ) + 0.1 mg L -1 Zeatin (ZEA) (%88.9) ve 1 mg L -1 TDZ (%85.7) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. En düşük bitki rejenerasyon yüzdesi (%16.7) ise yaprak eksplantları kullanılan kontrol uygulamasından elde edilmiştir.
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