Background Food-borne infections mainly due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are major concerns worldwide. S. Enteritidis isolates may serve as reservoirs for spreading antimicrobial drug resistance genes including carbapenemases. This study aimed to screen the occurrence of virulence factors, carbapenemases, and antibiotic resistance genes in S. Enteritidis isolated from chicken meat and eggs in Iraq. Results In total, 1000 non-duplicated chicken meat and 1000 egg samples were collected during 2019–2020. Presumptive S. Enteritidis isolates were initially identified by standard bacteriology tests and then were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Carbapenem resistance was detected using the disk diffusion method. Virulence and carbapenemase genes were screened using the PCR method. In total, 100 (5.0%) S. Enteritidis isolates were identified from 2000 samples collected using phenotypic and molecular methods. These isolates were identified from 4.9% chicken meat (n = 49/1000) and 5.1% egg (n = 51/1000) samples, respectively. The most and the least susceptibility was found to gentamicin and ceftazidime antibiotics, respectively. The prevalence of different virulence factors were as follows: phoP/Q (40.0%), traT (30.0%), stn (22.0%), slyA (11.0%), and sopB (9.0%). Among 20 carbapenem-resistant S. Enteritidis isolates, the most predominant carbapenemase gene was blaIMP (35.0%, n = 7), followed by blaOXA−48−like (25.0%, n = 5), and blaNDM (10.0%, n = 2), while the blaKPC and blaVIM genes were not detected. The coexistence of blaIMP, blaOXA−48−like, and blaNDM genes was determined in two isolates. The prevalence of different antibiotic resistance genes were as follows: tetA (87.1%), tetB (87.1%), dfrA1 (77.6%), and sul1 (83.6%). Conclusion Considering the existence of carbapenem-resistant S. Enteritidis harboring different virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in chicken meat and egg samples, adherence to proper hygienic conditions should be considered.

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Deltamethrin (DMT) is one of the synthetic pyrethroid compounds having wide insecticidal activity against a large number of ectoparasites and has important uses in veterinary and human health protection. In Iraq DMT has been widely used now in Baghdad and other provinces for sheep, goats and cattle dipping or spraying by the veterinarians and farmers for controlling of ectoparasites in animals and as insecticide in crop production in agricultures. The aims of this study were to determine the levels (ppm) of DMT residues in locally slaughtered cattle's meat consumed in Baghdad province /Al-Rusafa. A total of 50 cattle's meat samples were collected from 10 different regions of Baghdad province Al-Rusafa (Al-Kurrada Int., Al-Arassat, Al-Aadhamiya, New Baghdad, Al-Ghadeer, Al-Baladiyat, Al-Orffaly, Al-Habibiya, Al-Ameen 1 st , and Al-Ameen 2 nd markets) from October 2015 to March 2016. Five cattle's meat samples were purchased from different butchers per region. These samples were analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography techniques (HPLC). The residues analysis showed that all cattle's meat samples were positive for DMT residues. The data showed that there were significant (P≤ 0.05) differences in the concentrations (ppm) of DMT residues among the 10 regions of Baghdad province/Al-Rusafa. According to the locations the obtained data were compared with the Maximum residual limits (MRLs) permissible by the WHO and FAO and it was found that there was 2253% violation of the MRLs (above 0.026) in cattle's meat. The results of this study revealed that there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the mean levels of DMT residues (ppm) in cattle's meat, between October and other months during the study period. These data were compared with the Maximum residual limits (MRLs) permissible by the WHO and FAO and it was found that there was 796% violation of the MRLs (above 0.026) in cattle's meat.