Among Kurdish people in Iraq, the incidence of breast cancer is less than Middle-East and Western countries with higher incidence in younger age group than western society, but similar to Middle-East countries. More than half of Kurdish women with breast cancer are premenopausal.

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Background There are controversies about the etiology and management of pilonidal sinus. The numbers of techniques are testament in treating pilonidal sinus (PNS) and no single procedure is superior in all aspects. Objectives The Purpose of this study was to evaluate two operative procedures regarding its complications including recurrences of the disease. Methods The medical records of 40 patients in whom the Rhomboid Flap and Z-Plasty techniques were applied for reconstruction after the excision were evaluated retrospectively. Results The incidence rates of postoperative hematoma 1 (2.5%), wound infection 3 (7.5%), seroma 1 (2.5%), sinus formation 1 (2.5%) and neurological symptoms 17 (42.5%) activities were achieved after a mean of 21.20 days. During the average follow-up of 24 months, three patients (7.5%) developed recurrent disease. Conclusion Rhomboid flap and Z-plasty technique are flattening of the natal cleft, thus reducing local recurrence rates. Hence, we recommend use of flap technique for pilonidal sinus patients; Z-plasty is cosmetically more accepted as it has less postoperative complication.

Background  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for approximately 1,400,000 new cases and about 700,000 deaths worldwide. Objectives  The objective of this study is to assess patients’ response and developments of complication, after the use of neo-adjuvant short course radiotherapy in addition to the effect of this treatment modality on pathological response, local control and distant metastasis. Methods Forty six patients, who were histopathologically proven to have colorectal carcinoma, were randomly assigned to receive 25 Gy of radiation, in a short period of time prior to surgical resection of tumor. Local control, distance metastasis and post operative signs and symptoms measured over a period of 5 years (2013-2018). The treatment period ranged between 3-327 days. Results The overall survival of patients and their experience with post operative toxicity was improved; there was statistically significant correlation between spread of the tumor and duration of radiotherapy, p value was less than 0.05.In addition 84% of cases had no recurrence. Overall survival was about 76% of cases at the end of this research. The rate of post operative complication decreased. But the duration of radiotherapy had no significant effect on the mortality. (p value=0.2)  Conclusion Preoperative short-course radiotherapy before colorectal surgical intervention favors better local control and distant metastasis in addition to less complication, more comfort for patients and favorable survival rate.

Background  Mastectomy or wide local excision, and axillary clearance remain standard management option for majority of patients with breast cancer. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and pattern of complications following breast cancer surgery in our practice with comparison to results of international publications. Materials and Methods This retrospective descriptive study included 90 patients who underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM), Wide Local Excision (WLE), or Sentinel Lymph Node biopsy (SLN) at Sulaimani city by the author, which were eligible according to inclusion criteria. The interviews were conducted to collect data and record the information on the structured proforma questionnaire. Some information was extracted from patients’ medical records in the hospitals Results Out of 90 patients, 63 (70%) of patients had seroma formation, 21 (23.2%) of them had lymphoedema, 16 (17.8%) of them were suffered from early or delayed upper arm pain, and in 4 (4.4%) of them wound infection was noticed. Conclusion Seroma is the most common complication of surgery for breast cancer whereas, lymphoedema is the second most common, followed by upper arm pain, and then wound infection.