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Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. melongenae (FOM), Verticillium dahliae (Ve) and Ralstonia solanacearum are major limiting pathogens affecting eggplant cultivation and their yield in the world. Natural resistance genes are the most environmentally friendly method to control the disease. Thus, marker-assisted selection (MAS) is preferred as  a  tool for screening resistance genes (R-genes) in eggplant resistance breeding. In this study, markers that are specifically linked to major disease resistance genes conferring resistance to F. melongenae, V. dahliae and R. solanacearum were tested in a population containing breeding materials to validate the resistance. Resistant Solanum melongena accessions LS1934 and LS2436 and their reciprocal crosses were used as the resistance resource for this validation study. Moreover, classical resistance tests to FOM and Ve were performed with the root-dip inoculation method for classification of all the accessions based on their resistance/susceptibility responses. The SCAR₄₂₆, CAPs_903 and SIVR844 markers were highly informative for the determination of resistance genes (Fomg, Ve and ERs1). Therefore, in areas with high susceptibility to diseases, a highly efficient combination of the relevant R-genes and their pyramiding into commercial eggplant varieties are proposed to  be  implemented as  a  pragmatic approach.

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Determination of Pollen Viability and Germination of Solanum melongena ve Solanum torvum and Obtaining Plants from Solanum melongena x Solanum torvum Hybrids Using in vitro Techniques A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Research ArticleReceived 09 February 2017 Accepted 16 March 2017The most important factors those are limiting the production of eggplant in Turkey and the world are soil borne fungal diseases and pests. Fusarium and Verticillium as fungal diseases and nematodes as pests cause significant yield losses. Those pathogens cause significant yield losses both in open field and greenhouse cultivation. The most efficient way to avoid those diseases is using resistant varieties or rootstocks. Although resistant genes to all these three pathogenes do not exist in eggplant cultivars, wild eggplant, Solanum torvum Sw can contain them. . However interspecific crosses cannot be achieved because of the sexual incompatibility between Solanum torvum and Solanum melongena. Thus resistant genes cannot be transferred by classical breeding. For this purpose, in order to understand the reasons of the failure in interspecific crosses, polen viability and germination percentage should be determined as a priority. For this purpose, pollen viability and germination levels of Aydın siyahı and Kemer eggplant cultivars and one wild form (Solanum torvum) were determined. Pollen viability and polen germination percentage were determined by TTC and 'agar in Petri' methods, respectively. In vitro reciprocal crosses were made between Kemer and Aydın Siyahı cultivars in order to obtain hybrids. In this study, in vitro embryo rescue technique was used in 25, 30 and 35 days after pollination. The embryo number obtained and plants regenerated were recorded.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation is an important part of vegetable production in Turkey. It is highly affected by abiotic stress factors such as low temperatures during growth and development. The present study was aimed to improve new hybrid varieties with high quality and fruit setting under undesirable environmental conditions in eggplant. The 39 inbred lines were developed from eggplant genepool by using pedigree breeding method at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. They were characterized morphologically and evaluated for phylogenetic relationship among them. Selected seven lines were crossed each other to obtain F1 hybrids. Thirteen hybrids from these crosses were examined for their rate of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. These hybrids were not suitable for market demands although F1 hybrids including P350 as parental line had high heterosis rate. Oval fruit shaped P350 inbred line as female parent showed good performance and crossed with long fruit shaped P599 inbred line. The resultant F1 hybrid cultivar higher yielding, suitable for production under greenhouse and highly adaptable was registered with the name of BATEM FILIZI. It is recommended that this hybrid can be used in greenhouse production especially in single crop season.

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Özet: Çalışmada; Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü (BATEM) ve Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsüne (KTAE) ait 35 adet kendilenmiş cin mısır hattı moleküler analize tabi tutulmuştur. Moleküler karakterizasyon için 21 adet SSR primeri kullanılmış ve hatlar arasındaki genetik uzaklıklar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; kümeleme analizi ile elde edilen dendograma göre cin mısır hatları 2 ana ve 5 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan hatlar 0.44 ile 0.95 aralığında benzerlik göstermişlerdir. Çalışmada kullanılan hatlardan 9 ve 28 nolu hatlar yakın akraba bulunur iken, 1 ve 23 nolu hatların uzak akraba bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuca göre BATEM ve KTAE ait kendilenmiş cin mısır hatları arasında genetik olarak bir varyasyonun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Molecular Characterization of Popcorn Inbred Lines by Using SSR PrimersKeywords Popcorn, Inbred line, Genetic distance, Cluster, Abstract: In this study, 35 popcorn inbred lines that belong to West Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute (KTAE) were subjected to molecular analysis. 21 SSR primers were used to determine genetic distances among genotypes for molecular characterization. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis, popcorn inbred lines were divided in to 2 main and 5 sub-clusters. Similarity coefficient was changed between 0.44 and 0.95 among inbred lines. The nearest genetic similarity was detected between 9 and 28 number. On the other hand, 1 and 9 numbered lines were found to be the most distant relatives. The results of the study revealed a genetic variation in the popcorn inbred lines that belong to West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute.