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Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting in treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Aeromonas spp. in wild Mugil cephalus and its surrounding seawater along the coastal road of Port Said, Egypt. Materials and Methods: Specimens were examined bacteriologically, confirmed biochemically, and tested for their sensitivity against 11 antimicrobial agents. Molecular confirmation of the obtained isolates by 16S rRNA was performed, followed by the detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Results: Aeromonas spp. was recovered from fish (44%) and water samples (36%). A. hydrophila was the most prevalent identified strain, followed by Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas schubertii. Moreover, 90% of the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while 26.67% were XDR. Tested isolates were resistant to β-lactams and sulfonamides (100%), oxytetracycline (90%), and streptomycin (62.22%) but completely susceptible to cefotaxime. XDR isolates successfully amplified resistance genes (blaTEM, sul1, and tetA(A)) but not the (aadA1) gene, although there was phenotypic resistance to streptomycin on plates. All XDR isolates carry the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act), but alt gene was detected in only one isolate (12.5%). Conclusion: Data in this study provide a recent update and highlight the role of wild mullet and seawater as reservoirs for MDR and XDR Aeromonas spp. that may pose a risk to humans as food-borne infection or following direct contact.

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This current study was applied for investigating the presence of Pseudomonas species bacteria from cultured marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from the Suez Governorate randomly and seasonally during the period from March 2020 to November 2020. Our results revealed that the suspected isolated bacteria, was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescence depending on both morphological and biochemical characters using traditional as well as API20E commercial tests. The clinical signs appeared on the infected shrimp were melanization on the body surface and darkening of appendages tips, inflamed tail, rostrum deformity, darkened gills and paleness of hepatopancreas. The total prevalence of Pseudomonas infection was 17.33%, while the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in the summer season (20%) followed by autumn season (18%) and the lowest percent was the spring season (14%). The histopathological examination revealed the presence of haemocytic filtration, sloughing hepatopancreas cells, necrotic inflammation, haemocytic plug, broken musculature and epithelial edema. We concluded that higher temperature is the predisposing factors for Pseudomonas infection.

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